Evaluation of Minerals Content of Drinking Water in Malaysia
Table 2
Mineral concentrations in drinking water (DW) samples and the standard limits recommended by Malaysian Food Regulations and international regulations.
Drinking water
Na
Mg
K
Ca
Fea
Cua
Zna
Cra
Mna
Nia
Asa
Cda
Pba
F
Cl
NO3
SO4
DW 1
0.01
Tr
Tr
Tr
17.2
1.7
Tr
2.56
ND
1.04
0.47
0.85
3.80
0.24
36.33
0.11
Tr
DW 2
0.31
Tr
0.11
Tr
23.4
0.2
0.6
0.32
ND
0.22
0.15
0.50
1.50
0.21
39.28
0.28
2.23
DW 3
0.64
Tr
0.13
Tr
41.3
1.0
0.8
Tr
ND
0.l3
Tr
0.78
1.80
0.71
35.12
0.33
Tr
DW 4
Tr
Tr
Tr
Tr
42.1
0.6
2.7
Tr
ND
0.49
0.17
0.48
1.57
Tr
42.36
0.31
4.15
DW 5
0.31
Tr
0.14
Tr
35.5
0.4
1.8
Tr
1.0
0.27
0.17
0.49
2.34
0.30
42.24
0.45
1.05
DW 6
0.38
0.003
0.38
0.15
37.9
1.2
1.4
Tr
ND
0.67
0.14
0.40
0.66
0.10
38.17
0.13
3.04
DW 7
0.30
Tr
0.86
0.02
28.7
1.0
1.8
Tr
ND
0.45
0.35
0.41
0.51
0.19
42.41
0.26
3.00
DW 8
Tr
Tr
Tr
Tr
43.3
2.8
2.0
Tr
2.0
2.09
0.25
0.43
Tr
0.19
Tr
0.12
2.03
DW 9
0.84
Tr
0.001
Tr
37.0
3.6
1.4
Tr
31.0
0.36
0.02
0.38
Tr
Tr
Tr
0.23
1.04
DW 10
0.67
0.03
0.60
0.18
36.7
4.1
1.5
Tr
15.0
0.26
Tr
0.43
0.28
0.27
Tr
0.32
6.05
DW 11
10.68
9.03
3.43
1.67
38.4
5.3
1.3
1.51
11.0
0.38
1.68
0.49
3.92
0.32
Tr
2.27
3.00
DW 12
1.48
0.45
1.38
0.30
30.2
5.7
0.3
Tr
ND
0.31
0.36
0.38
Tr
0.43
Tr
0.12
13.0
DW 13
9.48
12.29
3.8
1.64
36.6
6.9
0.5
0.19
12.0
0.36
1.11
0.42
1.34
0.18
Tr
1.36
52.02
DW 14
6.01
3.71
3.29
1.10
34.8
7.3
2.3
0.96
ND
0.64
0.39
0.42
0.24
0.19
Tr
1.52
1.01
WHO 2006
200
—
—
—
300
2000
—
50
500
20
10
3
10
1.5
250
50
500
EU 1998
200
—
—
—
200
2000
—
50
50
20
10
5
10
1.5
250
50
250
USEPA 2009
—
—
—
—
300
1300
5000
100
50
—
10
5
15
4
250
10
250
MR 1985-360B
200
150
—
—
300
1000
5000
50
100
—
50
5
50
1.5
250
10
400
All data were presented as mean of three replicates (mg/L). aConcentration of minerals in μg/L. Tr: trace; ND: not detected; WHO: World Health Organization Guidelines; EU: European Union Standards; USEPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency Drinking Water Contaminants Regulations; MR: Malaysian Food Regulations.
