Evaluation of Minerals Content of Drinking Water in Malaysia
Table 4
Mineral concentrations in tap water (TW) samples and the standard limits recommended by international regulations.
Tap water
Na
Mg
K
Ca
Fea
Cua
Zna
Cra
Mna
Nia
Asa
Cda
Pba
F
Cl
NO3
SO4
TW 1
11.23
3.14
2.48
4.2
0.06
0.06
0.02
ND
0.01
1.39
0.49
0.38
ND
0.31
21.01
0.61
14
TW 2
4.88
4.11
3.0
23.1
0.03
0.09
0.03
ND
0.02
1.26
6.14
0.37
ND
0.24
6.23
0.64
17.12
TW 3
2.99
1.31
2.49
6.04
0.05
0.04
0.02
ND
0.004
0.68
0.33
0.39
ND
0.39
9
0.62
19.23
TW 4
2.82
0.95
2.31
2.01
0.06
0.02
0.004
ND
0.03
1.91
0.38
0.37
ND
0.3
6.08
0.82
14.16
TW 5
2.15
0.56
2.43
9.01
0.03
0.03
0.005
ND
0.03
0.36
0.16
0.36
ND
0.49
8
0.83
6.14
TW 6
1.95
0.45
2.45
5.36
0.03
0.02
0.002
ND
0.02
0.8
0.26
0.37
ND
0.29
10.11
1.61
6.11
TW 7
1.8
0.07
1.35
0.54
0.06
0.02
0.01
ND
ND
0.97
0.24
0.39
ND
0.38
5.02
0.65
5.04
TW 8
1.22
0.45
1.22
2.61
0.09
0.01
0.01
ND
0.01
0.58
0.42
0.36
ND
0.58
5.02
0.83
1.06
TW 9
3.74
0.43
3.38
3.6
0.03
0.06
0.01
ND
0.004
0.52
0.48
0.37
ND
0.2
8.04
1.31
20
TW 10
2.28
0.39
2.15
4.28
0.09
0.07
0.36
ND
0.04
0.85
0.22
0.38
ND
0.66
14
0.94
5.4
TW 11
3.04
0.4
2.36
1.84
0.09
0.08
0.06
ND
0.01
0.72
0.46
0.4
ND
0.58
11.32
0.92
9.09
TW 12
4.95
0.48
3.75
3.68
0.03
0.13
0.02
ND
0.01
0.53
0.95
0.39
ND
0.47
16.12
1.93
4.11
TW 13
3.84
0.25
3.04
1.99
0.03
0.06
0.02
ND
0.03
0.8
1.24
0.38
ND
0.71
16
11
7.02
TW 14
3.08
0.64
4.59
10.49
0.03
0.04
0.004
ND
0.1
0.52
0.31
0.46
ND
0.69
27.05
0.91
6.06
TW 15
5.19
1.12
4.87
3.27
0.03
0.05
0.005
ND
0.03
0.64
0.34
0.44
ND
0.34
37.07
1.52
5.01
TW 16
4.15
1.24
4.81
6.45
0.07
0.2
0.08
ND
0.06
0.85
1.1
0.43
ND
0.19
26.02
0.63
7.12
TW 17
3.57
1.35
6.02
7.61
0.02
0.08
0.02
ND
0.03
1.65
0.36
0.38
ND
0.34
29
1.14
17.34
TW 18
3.48
2.13
5.82
12.1
0.06
0.1
0.1
ND
0.05
1.53
0.51
0.4
ND
0.68
28.04
1.12
31.22
TW 19
1.61
0.3
2.15
9.44
0.03
0.11
0.01
ND
0.05
0.26
0.32
0.37
ND
0.47
29.05
0.74
10.42
TW 20
5.21
2.03
2.96
14.48
0.05
0.26
0.02
ND
ND
2.63
0.53
0.38
ND
0.14
34.19
0.71
8.6
TW 21
2.05
0.28
0.9
1.11
0.06
0.13
0.004
ND
ND
0.75
0.2
0.38
ND
0.15
25.01
0.53
ND
TW 22
2.13
0.29
0.97
3.2
0.03
0.12
0.004
ND
0.03
0.43
0.26
0.39
ND
0.2
27
0.33
6.04
TW 23
10.84
2.52
6.61
11.2
0.33
0.13
0.03
ND
ND
0.71
0.87
0.85
3.8
0.2
48.04
0.34
9.07
TW 24
15.03
2.53
4.62
12.02
0.04
0.14
0.05
0.001
0.05
0.42
2.76
0.5
1.5
0.23
38.23
2.72
15.33
WHO 2006
200
—
—
—
300
2000
—
50
500
20
10
3
10
1.5
250
50
500
EU 1998
200
—
—
—
200
2000
—
50
50
20
10
5
10
1.5
250
50
250
USEPA 2009
—
—
—
—
300
1300
5000
100
50
—
10
5
15
4
250
10
250
All data were presented as mean of three replicates (mg/L). aConcentration of minerals in μg/L. Tr: trace; ND: not detected; WHO: World Health Organization Guidelines; EU: European Union Standards; USEPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency Drinking Water Contaminants Regulations.
