Metabolic Basis for Thyroid Hormone Liver Preconditioning: Upregulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling

Figure 1

Regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by (A) direct allosteric activation and (B) reversible phosphorylation and downstream responses maintaining intracellular energy balance. Abbreviations: LKB1, tumor suppressor LKB1 kinase; CaMKKβ, Ca²⁺-calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-β; TAK1, transforming growth-factor-β-activated kinase-1.