Cation Dependence, pH Tolerance, and Dosage Requirement of a Bioflocculant Produced by Bacillus spp. UPMB13: Flocculation Performance Optimization through Kaolin Assays

Table 5

Bioflocculant dosage, cation dependence and pH tolerance of different bioflocculant-producing microorganisms.

Microorganism	Dosage (mL/L)	Cations	pH	Reference
Citrobacter sp. TKF04	100	No ions	2.0–6.0	[6]
Vagococcus’ sp. W31	10	Ca2^+	7.0–10.0	[22]
Bacillus circulans X3	2^a	Ca2^+, Fe3^+, Al3^+	4.0–10.0	[5]
Chryseobacterium daeguense W6	1.2^a	K^+, Ca2^+, Mg2^+, Mn2^+	4.0–8.0	[12]
Bacillus coagulants As101	40	Ca2^+, Fe3^+, Al3^+	3.7	[14]
Bacillus licheniformis CCRC 12826	150	Ca2^+, Fe3^+, Al3^+	6.4–7.1	[8]
Bacillus subtilis DYU1	40^a	Ca2^+, Mg2^+	6.0–7.0	[9]
Bacillus spp. UPMB13	5	Na^+, Ca2^+, Mg2^+	4.0–8.0	Present article

^aThe dosage of the bioflocculant used was expressed in mg/L.