Assessment of Control Tissue for Gene and Protein Expression Studies: A Comparison of Three Alternative Lung Sources

Table 4

Biomarkers unsuitable for gene and protein expression studies in cancer resection, transplant biopsy, and pneumothorax.

	Cancer resection	Transplant biopsy	Pneumothorax
Gene expression	VEGFA, PGF, FLT1, KDR, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2	None	None
Protein expression
Bronchial lining	VEGFA, TIMP-1, KDR, MMP-2	KDR, TIMP-2	None
Alveolar lining	TIMP-1	MMP-2	VEGFA
Macrophages	PGF	MMP-2, VEGFA	VEGFA