The Scientific World Journal

Research Article

Changes of Peel Essential Oil Composition of Four Tunisian Citrus during Fruit Maturation

Table 3

Variations of chemical composition (%) of essential oils obtained from four cultivars of citrus at different ripening stages.


Volatile compounds^A	RI^a	RI^b	Ripening stage	Bitter orange	Lemon	Orange maltaise	Mandarin

			Stage 1	0.05^Aab	0.16^Aa	tr	0.09^Bab
Tricyclen	924	1014	Stage 2	0.75^Aa	0.021^Ab	0.09^Ab	0.14^Ab
			Stage 3	0.0^Ab	0.02^Ab	tr	0.15^Aa
			Stage 1	0.14^Ba	0.38^Ab	0.37^Ab	1.31^Aa
α-thujene	928	1035	Stage 2	0.27^ABa	Tr	tr	0.12^Bb
			Stage 3	0.44^Aa	0.34^Aa	0.20^Aa	0.39^Ba
			Stage 1	0.13^Bc	1.29^Aa	0.41^Ab	0.03^Cd
α-pinene	939	1032	Stage 2	0.03^Cb	5.9^Aa	0.44^Ab	0.7^Bb
			Stage 3	0.36^Ab	1.14^Aa	0.7^Aab	1.25^Aa
			Stage 1	0.24^Aab	0.13^Bb	0.07^Ab	0.39^Aa
Camphene	954	1076	Stage 2	tr	0.9^Aa	1.22^Aa	tr
			Stage 3	0.02^ABa	0.03^Ba	0.06^Aa	0.09^Ba
			Stage 1	tr	6.48^Aa	tr	1.31^Aa
Sabinene	975	1132	Stage 2	tr	3.8^Aa	tr	0.0^Ba
			Stage 3	0.20^Ab	5.82^Aa	0.36^Ab	0.18^Bb
			Stage 1	0.11^Bd	1.06^Ab	1.54^Ab	0.43^Bc
β-pinene	980	1118	Stage 2	0.07^Ba	31.49^Aa	1.80^Aa	0.06^Ba
			Stage 3	0.38^Ab	0.63^Aa	0.97^Ab	0.75^Ab
			Stage 1	0.09^Ab	1.54^Aa	tr	1.59^Aa
Myrcene	991	1174	Stage 2	0.48^Aa	Tr	tr	tr
			Stage 3	0.07^Aa	0.99^Ba	0.71^Aa	0.98^Aa
			Stage 1	tr	Tr	tr	tr
Δ-3-Carene	1011	1159	Stage 2	tr	Tr	tr	tr
			Stage 3	0.01^Aa	Tr	0.05^Aa	0.03^Aa
			Stage 1	1.23^Aa	0.24^Bb	tr	0.30^Bb
α-Terpinene	1018	1188	Stage 2	0.91^Aa	Tr	tr	1.52^Aa
			Stage 3	1.66^Aa	1.05^Aa	0.93^Aa	0.73^Ba
			Stage 1	tr	9.84^Aa	0.25^Ab	0.63^Aa
p-Cymene	1026	1280	Stage 2	0.09^Aab	2.21^Ba	0.27^Aab	0.68^Aa
			Stage 3	0.08^Ac	0.23^Bb	0.21^Abc	0.7^Aa
			Stage 1	80.54^Aa	68.08^Ab	86.43^Aa	65.37^Ab
Limonene	1030	1203	Stage 2	67.90^ABab	37.63^Bb	81.52^Aa	51.81^Aab
			Stage 3	90.95^Aa	69.71^Ab	85.35^Aa	69.00^Ab
			Stage 1	tr	0.51^ABa	tr	0.01^Bb
1.8-Cineole	1033	1193	Stage 2	14.72^Aab	0.82^Ab	tr	26.43^Aa
			Stage 3	0.30^Aa	tr	tr	0.18^Bb
			Stage 1	0.5^Ab	0.14^Bc	tr	0.77^Ab
E-β-Ocimene	1050	1266	Stage 2	0.09^Bab	tr	0.09^Aa	7.93 ^Aa
			Stage 3	0.02^Bb	0.5^Aab	0.03^Ab	1.05^Aa
			Stage 1	0.14^Ab	0.04^Bb	tr	12.44^Aa
γ-terpinene	1058	1255	Stage 2	0.21^Aa	5.12^ABa	0.34^Aa	2.53^Ba
			Stage 3	0.31^Ac	9.96^Ab	0.43^Ac	14.06^Aa
			Stage 1	tr	0.024^Bb	0.37^Aa	0.04^Aa
cis-Sabinene hydrate	1062	1550	Stage 2	0.18^Aa	0.05^Aa	0.26^Aa	0.24^Aa
			Stage 3	0.09^Bab	tr	0.14^Aa	0.04^Abc
			Stage 1	0.05^Aa	tr	tr	0.03^Ba
Octanol	1070	1546	Stage 2	1.59^Aa	tr	0.07^Aa	1.41^Aa
			Stage 3	0.02^Aab	tr	tr	0.05^Ba
			Stage 1	tr	tr	tr	tr
cis-Linalool oxide	1074	1450	Stage 2	3.40^Aa	0.49^Ab	0.82^Aab	0.36^Ab
			Stage 3	0.09^Bb	0.0^Bd	0.03^Ac	0.14^Ba
			Stage 1	0.16^Ab	0.42^Aa	0.25^Ab	0.024^Cc
Terpinolene	1092	1290	Stage 2	0.22^Aa	tr	1.07^Aa	0.7^Aa
			Stage 3	0.02^Ab	tr	tr	0.17^Ba
			Stage 1	0.03^Ab	0.0^Cc	0.12^Aa	tr
Linalool	1098	1553	Stage 2	tr	1.59^Aa	0.54^Ab	0.09^Ab
			Stage 3	0.1^Aa	0.65^Ba	0.13^Aa	0.67^Aa
			Stage 1	0.12^Aa	tr	0.21^Aa	tr
Nonanal	1102	1400	Stage 2	tr	tr	0.03^Ba	0.07^Aa
			Stage 3	0.18^Aa	tr	0.01^Bb	0.05^Ab
			Stage 1	0.35^Aa	tr	0.06^Ab	0.05^Ab
α-Thujone	1115	1413	Stage 2	tr	tr	tr	0.03^Aa
			Stage 3	0.09^Aab	tr	tr	0.17^Aa
			Stage 1	6.37^Aa	tr	tr	tr
Camphor	1144	1550	Stage 2	1.43^Aa	0.32^ABa	4.81^Aa	0.039^Aa
			Stage 3	0.17^Ab	0.58^Aa	0.17^Ab	0.35^Aab
			Stage 1	0.13^Ab	0.33^Bb	0.14^Ab	1.22^Aa
Borneol	1165	1719	Stage 2	0.16^Aa	0.65^Ba	0.7^Aa	0.04^Ba
			Stage 3	0.08^Ab	2.54^Aa	0.3^Ab	0.04^Bb
			Stage 1	0.05^Aa	tr	tr	tr
Terpinene-4-ol	1178	1611	Stage 2	0.54^Aa	1.28^Aa	0.041^Ba	0.026^Aa
			Stage 3	0.01^Ab	tr	0.26^Aa	0.01^Ab
			Stage 1	0.32^Ab	1.7^Aa	tr	0.05^Ac
α-Terpineol	1189	1709	Stage 2	0.07^Aa	0.93^Aa	0.04^Ba	0.11^Aa
			Stage 3	0.35^Aa	1.22^Aa	0.52^Aa	1.25^Aa
			Stage 1	0.27^Ab	0.29^Ab	0.13^Ac	0.52^Aa
cis-Dihydrocarvone	1197	1645	Stage 2	0.28^Aa	tr	0.1^Aa	0.02^Ca
			Stage 3	0.03^Ab	tr	0^Bc	0.057^Ba
			Stage 1	tr	0.04^Ab	tr	0.07^Aa
Citronellol	1226	1773	Stage 2	0.07^Aa	tr	tr	0.01^Ab
			Stage 3	0.03^ABab	tr	0.11^Aa	0.07^Aab
			Stage 1	0.09^Ab	0.24^Aa	tr	tr
Nerol	1228	1797	Stage 2	0.03^Aa	tr	tr	tr
			Stage 3	0.12^Aa	tr	tr	0.06^Ab
			Stage 1	0.07^Ab	0.78^ABa	0.79^Aa	0.0^Ab
Linalyl acetate	1257	1556	Stage 2	0.09^Ab	2.61^Aa	tr	0.09^Ab
			Stage 3	0.01^Aa	tr	0.10^Ba	0.11^Aa
			Stage 1	tr	tr	tr	0.14^Aa
Bornyl acetate	1295	1577	Stage 2	tr	tr	1.45^Aa	tr
			Stage 3	tr	0.01^Aa	4.21^Aa	0.07^Ba
			Stage 1	tr	tr	0.22^Aa	0.12^Ab
30 Carvacrol	1302	2239	Stage 2	tr	tr	tr	tr
			Stage 3	0.69^Aa	0.03^Ab	0.08^Bb	0.14^Ab
			Stage 1	1.4^Aa	tr	tr	0.02^Ab
α-Terpinyl acetate	1344	1706	Stage 2	0.11^Bab	0.15^Aab	tr	0.20^Aa
			Stage 3	tr	tr	tr	0.72^Aa
			Stage 1	tr	tr	tr	tr
Geranyl acetate	1383	1765	Stage 2	0.11^Aa	tr	tr	0.02^Bab
			Stage 3	0.02^Ac	0.56^Aa	0.10^Ac	0.24^Ab
			Stage 1	0.047^Bb	0.04^Ab	0.19^ABa	tr
α-Humulene	1454	1687	Stage 2	0.03^Bb	0.02^Ab	0.16^Ba	0.01^Bb
			Stage 3	0.13^Ab	tr	0.34^Aa	0.03^Ac
			Stage 1	0.10^Ba	0.019^Bc	0.07^Ab	tr
Germacrene D	1480	1726	Stage 2	0.25^Aab	0.89^ABa	0.12^Ab	0.03^Bb
			Stage 3	0.04^Cb	1.35^Aa	tr	0.15^Ab
			Stage 1	0.2^Aa	tr	tr	tr
Valencene	1495	1740	Stage 2	0.16^Aa	0.37^Aa	tr	0.04^ABa
			Stage 3	0.04^Bb	0.03^Ab	tr	0.16^Aa
			Stage 1	0.21^Ab	tr	tr	0.17^Ba
Spathulenol	1577	2121	Stage 2	tr	tr	tr	0.21^Ba
			Stage 3	tr	tr	tr	2.5^Aa
			Stage 1	0.21^Ab	tr	tr	1.18^Aa
Caryophyllene oxide	1580	2008	Stage 2	0.15^Aa	tr	tr	tr
			Stage 3	0.08^Aa	tr	tr	tr
			Stage 1	tr	tr	tr	tr
2Z.6E-Farnesol	1724	2351	Stage 2	tr	tr	tr	0.06^Ba
			Stage 3	tr	tr	tr	0.79^Aa
			Stage 1	4.47^Ab	4.70^Ab	1.46^Bc	5.67^Aa
NI	—	—	Stage 2	5.53^Aa	1.55^Bc	2.70^Ab	1.21^Bc
			Stage 3	0.45^Bb	1.85^Ba	0.37^Cb	0.12^Bb

Means of three replicates. (Values with different superscripts are significantly different at ). Caps superscripts (comparison between stages). Small superscripts (comparison between citrus species).
^AComponents are listed in order of elution in apolar column (HP-5).
RI^a RI^b: retention indices calculated using, respectively, an apolar column (HP-5) and polar column (HPInnowax);
NI: non identified.