Foetal Exposure to Maternal Passive Smoking Is Associated with Childhood Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Eczema

Table 3

Association between baseline characteristics selected for logistic regression analysis and the 5 health outcomes.

	Numbers of participants	Asthma ever; (𝑁=288)	Wheeze ever; (𝑁=244)	Current wheeze; (𝑁=154)	Allergic rhinitis ever; (𝑁=1736)	Eczema ever; (𝑁=841)
Family history of asthma
No	7194	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Yes	199	10.43 (7.41–14.67)	5.29 (3.47–8.07)	6.26 (3.86–10.16)	2.20 (1.65–2.94)	2.87 (2.08–3.97)
Current parent smoking
No	5404	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Yes	1989	1.25 (0.97–1.61)	1.42 (1.08–1.86)	1.44 (1.03–2.01)	0.94 (0.83–1.06)	1.01 (0.86–1.18)
Perinatal and postnatal problem
No	6349	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Yes	1044	1.64 (1.22–2.19)	2.00 (1.48–2.70)	2.18 (1.51–3.14)	1.77 (1.53–2.04)	2.00 (1.67–2.38)
Highest education level of parents
No and primary	660	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Secondary and matriculation	5445	1.50 (0.91–2.48)	2.29 (1.16–4.49)	4.39 (1.39–13.86)	1.18 (0.96–1.44)	1.28 (0.96–1.70)
Teritiary	1288	1.95 (1.13–3.35)	4.03 (2.00–8.13)	7.74 (2.40–25.03)	1.67 (1.33–2.10)	2.27 (1.66–3.10)
Age group, years
0-1	548	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
2–5	1433	3.52 (1.39–8.92)	1.37 (0.76–2.44)	1.44 (0.73–2.82)	2.81 (1.98–4.00)	0.85 (0.64–1.13)
6–10	2755	4.77 (1.94–11.74)	1.04 (0.59–1.81)	0.88 (0.46–1.71)	4.71 (3.36–6.59)	0.73 (0.56–0.95)
11–14	2657	5.22 (2.13–12.84)	1.36 (0.78–2.36)	0.99 (0.52–1.92)	4.79 (3.42–6.70)	0.64 (0.49–0.84)
Sex
Female	3554	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Male	3839	1.29 (1.02–1.64)	1.87 (1.43–2.44)	2.01 (1.43–2.83)	1.55 (1.39–1.73)	1.00 (0.86–1.15)