|
| Study/Year | Design | NSAID used | Conclusions and recommendations |
|
| Deguchi et al., 1998 [128] | Retrospective review of 73 patients undergoing primary or revision one or two level lumbar fusion | Not specified | (i) Patients who continued to take NSAIDs for more than 3 months postoperatively showed significantly lower fusion and success rates |
|
| Glassman et al., 1998 [129] | Retrospective review of 288 patients undergoing posterior L4 to sacral fusion | Ketorolac | (i) High rate of nonunion in spinal fusion
(ii) Avoid NSAIDs in early postoperative period is recommended |
|
| Vitale et al., 2003 [130] | Retrospective review of 208 children undergoing scoliosis correction | Ketorolac | (i) No significantly increase in complications, including transfusion and reoperation |
|
| Park et al., 2005 [131] | Retrospective review of 88 consecutive patients undergoing posterolateral lumbar fusion | Ketorolac | (i) The incidence of incomplete union or nonunion was much higher in the ketorolac group, and the relative risk was approximately 6 times higher than control group |
|
| Pradhan et al., 2008 [132] | Retrospective review of 405 consecutive patients undergoing one, two or three level posterolateral lumbar fusion | Ketorolac | (i) The use of ketorolac limited to 48 hours after surgery for adjunctive analgesia, has no significant effect on ultimate fusion rates. |
|
| Sucato et al., 2008 [133] | Retrospective review of 319 patients undergoing scoliosis correction | Ketorolac | (i) Ketorolac does not increase the incidence of developing a pseudoarthrosis when used as an adjunct for postoperative analgesia |
|
| Lumawig et al., 2009 [134] | Retrospective review of 273 patients undergoing one or two level posterior lumbar fusion | Diclofenac | (i) Diclofenac sodium showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect toward spinal fusion especially when used during the immediate postoperative period |
|
| Horn et al., 2010 [135] | Retrospective review of 46 pediatric patients who undergone spinal fusions for scoliosis | Ketorolac | (i) No clinical or radiographic evidence of curve progression, nonunion, or instrumentation failure |
|
