Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Positive Youth Development Program for Secondary Students in Macau

Table 8

The changes of the new participants based on the different objective indicators.

	Pretest		Posttest		t-value	P value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
New participants (𝑛=63)
BO subscale	4.55	0.71	4.31	0.80	2.380	0.020
RP subscale	3.96	0.90	3.94	0.89	0.126	0.900
EC subscale	3.98	0.84	4.24	0.98	2.402	0.019
CC subscale	4.22	0.72	4.44	0.80	2.418	0.019
ID subscale	3.79	0.78	4.08	0.80	3.023	0.004
BF subscale	4.06	0.83	3.86	0.74	1.759	0.083
PI subscale	4.00	0.99	4.05	0.95	0.344	0.732
SP subscale	4.45	1.27	4.63	1.21	1.218	0.228
CYPDS	4.24	0.57	4.27	0.55	0.532	0.596
LIFE	3.32	0.81	3.62	1.09	2.138	0.037
SA	2.81	0.77	3.07	0.84	2.324	0.023
BI	1.62	0.50	1.91	0.51	4.376	0.000
BI (item 1)	2.57	1.06	2.90	1.00	2.490	0.005
BI (item 2)	1.35	0.74	1.70	0.91	3.017	0.004
BI (item 4)	1.49	0.78	1.94	1.00	3.727	0.000

Note: BO: bonding, RP: recognition for positive behavior subscale, EC: emotional competence subscale, CC: cognitive competence subscale. ID: clear and positive identity subscale, BF: beliefs in the future subscale, PI: prosocial involvement subscale, SP: spirituality subscale, CPYDS: mean of the 15 subscales, LIFE: life satisfaction scale, SA: school adjustment measures, BI: behavioral intention scale, BI (item 1): will you drink alcohol in the coming 2 years? BI (item 2): will you smoke cigarettes in the coming 2 years? BI (item 4): will you have sex in the future 2 years? Significant 𝑃 values are in bold.