The Scientific World Journal / 2012 / Article / Tab 20 / Review Article
A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacotherapeutics of Herbal Bioenhancers Table 20 Percent enhancement in bioavailability of different drugs/compounds by supplementation of bioactive fractions from
Z. officinale and its combination with piperine [
128 ,
129 ].
Category Compound Percent enhancement BE from Z. officinale BE from Z. officinale + piperine Macrolides Azithromycin 78 85 Erythromycin 68 105 Roxithromycin 72 93 Cephalosporins Cefalexin 75 85 Cefadroxil 68 65 Penicillins Amoxycillin 80 90 Cloxacillin 76 90 Aminoglycosides Kanamycin 65 92 Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 68 70 Pefloxacin 53 69 Antifungal Fluconazole 120 110 Ketoconazole 125 100 Antiviral Acyclovir 82 85 Zidovudine 105 126 CNS drugs Alprazolam 76 70 Anticancer Methotrexate 87 49 5-Fluorouracil 110 93 Doxorubicin 72 75 Cisplatin 56 45 Cardiovascular Amlodipine 68 95 Propranolol 76 104 Lisinopril 76 100 Anti-inflammatory/Antiarthritic Diclofenac 90 140 Nimesulide 144 165 Piroxicam 86 134 Antituberculosis/Antileprosy Rifampicin 65 98 Dapsone 46 55 Ethionamide 56 48 Cycloserine 71 70 Antihistamines Salbutamol 78 92 Theophylline 76 80 Bromhexine 46 75 Corticosteroids Dexamethasone 76 80 Betamethasone 75 70 Immunosuppressants Cyclosporin A 116 120 Tacrolimus 75 117 Antiulcer Ranitidine 147 165 Cimetidine 98 76 Vitamins Vitamin A (1 mg/kg) 30 40 Vitamin E (40 mg/kg) 27 25 Vitamin C (50 mg/kg) 25 24 Folic acid (50 μ g/kg) 34 35 Antioxidants β -Carotene (15 mg/kg) 36 55 Silymarin (5 mg/kg) 28 43 Herbal products Curcumin (50 mg/kg) 43 70 Rutin (40 mg/kg) 21 78 Herbal plants Echinacea 66 82 Tinospora cordifolia 67 112 Picrorhiza kurroa 56 87 Andrographis paniculata 55 70 Emblica ribes 65 72 Asparagus racemosus 44 60 Withania somnifera 64 48 Amino acids Methionine (20 mg/kg) 25 45 Lysine (40 mg/kg) 15 40 Leucine (50 mg/kg) 17 34 Valine (25 mg/kg) 25 46 Isoleucine (25 mg/kg) 31 35 Essential elements Zinc (0.1 mg/kg) 19 20 Potassium (25 mg/kg) 21 19