The Scientific World Journal / 2012 / Article / Tab 24 / Review Article
A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacotherapeutics of Herbal Bioenhancers Table 24 Percent enhancement in bioavailability of different drugs/compounds by supplementation of bioactive fractions from
C. carvi and its combination with piperine and
Z. officinale [
5 ,
175 ].
Category Compound Dose (mg/kg) Percent enhancement BE from C. carvi C. carvi + piperineC. carvi + Z. officinale Macrolides Azithromycin 25 55 90 86 Erythromycin 45 70 100 105 Roxithromycin 15 65 95 98 Cephalosporins Cefalexin 45 Nil 90 79 Cefadroxil 45 67 95 85 Ceftrioxone 25 72 78 75 Cefixime 40 80 79 82 Cefidinir 40 89 95 130 Penicillins Amoxicillin 45 75 115 100 Cloxacillin 25 110 95 110 Aminoglycosides Amikacin 50 85 100 92 Kanamycin 50 Nil 87 68 Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin 45 78 110 133 Pefloxacin 40 Nil 70 75 Ofloxacin 20 65 167 170 Norfloxacin 40 55 65 60 Antifungal Fluconazole 65 65 98 110 Amphotericin B 78 78 90 80 Ketoconazole 55 55 100 96 Antiviral Acyclovir 40 78 100 90 Zidovudine 10 92 95 87 CNS drugs Alprazolam 0.1 Nil 70 80 Haloperidol 0.5 95 90 85 Anticancer Methotrexate 5 76 89 102 5-Fluorouracil 25 90 110 100 Doxorubicin 5 Nil 70 69 Cisplatin 5 Nil Nil 55 Cardiovascular Amlodipine 1 Nil 50 65 Lisinopril 1 79 95 90 Atenolol 5 100 93 97 Propranolol 8 68 90 75 Anti-inflammatory/antiarthritic Diclofenac 5 Nil 100 95 Piroxicam 2 Nil 98 76 Nimesulide 10 100 140 145 Rofecoxib 2.5 75 70 80 Antituberculosis/antileprosy Rifampicin 40 110 170 140 Pyrazinamide 12.5 45 50 55 Dapsone 10 56 67 68 Ethionamide 25 68 65 70 Cycloserine 40 70 80 75 Antihistamines Salbutamol 0.8 75 89 80 Theophylline 30 70 79 89 Bromhexine 25 Nil 70 71 Loratidine 1 76 70 80 Corticosteroids Prednisolone 4 65 67 60 Dexamethasone 0.05 72 77 73 Betamethasone 0.1 80 89 77 Immuno-suppressants Cyclosporin A 10 100 105 120 Tacrolimus 5 90 95 114 Antiulcer Ranitidine 30 67 70 150 Cimetidine 40 72 84 100 Omeprazole 2 76 70 75 Vitamins Vitamin A 1 19 16 27 Vitamin B1 10 42 26 55 Antioxidants β -Carotene 15 55 59 72 Silymarin 5 38 45 41 Herbal products Curcumin 50 48 51 52 Rutin 40 45 40 42 Herbal plants Echinacea agustifolia 10 Nil 76 65 Tinospora cordifolia 50 76 90 71 Picrorhiza kurroa 50 80 110 76 Aegles marmelos 1000 65 65 60 Andrographis paniculata 50 68 72 54 Asparagus racemosus 50 Nil 55 45 Terminalia chebula 50 92 87 91 Withania somnifera 60 76 70 76 Centella asiatica 30 68 65 62 Amino acids Methionine 20 28 30 37 Lysine 40 29 38 43 Leucine 50 21 32 40 Valine 25 19 29 38 Isoleucine 25 34 44 50