A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacotherapeutics of Herbal Bioenhancers

Table 7

Effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide combination in human volunteers [107, 108].

Kinetic; parameters	Formulation A			Formulation B
	Rifampicin	Isoniazid	Pyrazinamide	Rifampicin**	Isoniazid**	Pyrazinamide**
𝑡1/2 (h)	0.67 ± 0.008	0.64 ± 0.01	0.60 ± 0.03	0.40 ± 0.04	0.42 ± 0.04	0.37 ± 0.008
𝑡1/2(el) (h)	8.40 ± 0.06	7.90 ± 0.10	9.50 ± 0.14	11.1 ± 0.18	8.15 ± 0.26*	11.0 ± 0.17
𝐶max (μg/mL)	8.20 ± 0.46	2.56 ± 0.17	27.0 ± 2.0	17.6 ± 1.09	10.07 ± 0.90	40.0 ± 1.64
AUC0–∞ (μg·h/mL)	104.6 ± 4.38	41.0 ± 1.72	318.6 ± 8.05	143.95 ± 5.85	94.95 ± 3.98	435.41 ± 9.7

*Not significant (P > 0.05), **highly significant (P < 0.001).
Formulation A: rifampicin—450 mg, isoniazid—300 mg, pyrazinamide—1500 mg.
Formulation B: rifampicin—450 mg, isoniazid-300 mg, pyrazinamide—1500 mg, piperine—20 mg.