Neurobiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment of Melatonin Deficiency and Dysfunction

Table 1

Diseases and disorders that cause decreases in human* melatonin secretion independently of apparent tissue destruction in SCN or pineal gland.

Disease/disorder	Comments	References
Schizophrenia	Only in a subpopulation	[57, 58]
Multiple sclerosis with major depression	In major depression alone, mostly phase shifts instead of decreases	[59–62]
Primary obsessive-compulsive disorder		[63]
Menière’s disease	Relationship to stress by tinnitus and vertigo?	[64]
Fibromyalgia	Studied in women	[65–67]
	Pain reduced by melatonin	[67–69]
Migraine		[70, 71]
Critical illness		[72–74]
Endometrial cancer		[75]
Nonsmall cell lung cancer	In part caused by pain?	[76]
Acute intermittent porphyria	Further decreased by seizures	[77, 78]
Diabetes type 2		[79, 80]

*For preclinical findings of these and other diseases or respective animal models see [3].