Frequency and Associated Factors for Anxiety and Depression in Pregnant Women: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Table 3

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) by sociodemographic, obstetric, family relationships, and home environment characteristics.

Factor	Anxiety or depression status
	Normal	Only anxious	Only depressed	Both anxious and depressed
Age group (in years)
Below 30 (ref.)	Reference	1	1	1
30 and above		1.55 (0.45, 5.33)	1.17 (0.35, 3.92)	3.54 (1.24, 10.12)
Total live births
None	Reference	1.82 (0.64, 5.14)	0.33 (0.10, 1.08)	1.49 (0.57, 3.88)
At least one (ref.)		1	1	1
Adverse pregnancy outcome
No (ref.)	Reference	1	1	1
Yes		3.25 (1.09, 9.70)	0.92 (0.27, 3.14)	3.57 (1.35, 9.45)
Household decision maker
Self or Husband (ref.)	Reference	1	1	1
In-laws		5.80 (1.53, 21.92)	2.26 (0.64, 7.93)	3.81 (1.13, 12.83)
Combined		1.64 (0.53, 5.07)	0.28 (0.08, 1.04)	1.36 (0.51, 3.59)
Domestic violence
Yes	Reference	1.17 (0.32, 4.24)	1.64 (0.48, 5.65)	3.14 (1.10, 8.98)
No (ref.)		1	1	1