Increased Yield Surplus of Vetch-Wheat Rotations under Drought in a Mediterranean Environment

Table 3

Mean values of grain and straw yields, grain yield components, grain quality characteristics, and N concentrations in the plant parts harvested after the second year of experimentation. Values followed by the same letter do not show statistically significant differences between treatments at 𝑃<0.05.

	“Cnvl”	“Strw”	“Vhay”	“Vinc”	“Vgrn”	“Falw”	“Sldg”
Grain production (t ha^−1)	2.19 cd	1.60 d	2.99 ab	3.24 a	2.91 ab	2.33 bc	2.16 cd
Volume weight (g l^−1)	160.02 a	160.28 a	162.9 a	161.1 a	162.26 a	160.6 a	160.28 a
1000-kernel weight (g)	50.56 ab	53.81 a	51.69 a	47.69 b	52.06 a	50.44 ab	52.19 a
Spike number (m^−2)	56.6 a	49.8 a	54.9 a	60.6 a	51.6 a	58.9 a	49.5 a
Straw production (t ha^−1)	3.88 ab	3.42 b	3.94 ab	4.67 a	4.12 ab	4.13 ab	3.54 b
N in grain (kg ha^−1)	46.44 bc	27.69 c	60.26 ab	78.71 a	61.21 ab	46.71 bc	42.44 bc
N in straw (kg ha^−1)	19.55 ab	11.72 b	15.97 ab	23.21 a	17.13 ab	18.84 ab	12.63 b
Total N in plant (kg ha^−1)	65.99 b	39.42 c	76.24 b	101.92 a	78.35 ab	65.54 b	55.07 bc
Grain harvest index	0.355 cd	0.316 d	0.428 a	0.406 abc	0.408 ab	0.359 bcd	0.375 bc
N in biomass (%)	1,08 ab	0,79 c	1,09 ab	1,30 a	1,10 ab	1,02 bc	0,95 bc