Review Article

Interaction of Herbal Compounds with Biological Targets: A Case Study with Berberine

Table 4

Distribution of berberine’s targets in vitro according to biological functions.

PANTHER biological functionsNumber of targets

Angiogenesis2
Anion transport1
Apoptosis6
B-cell-mediated immunity2
Blood coagulation1
Calcium-mediated signaling1
Carbohydrate metabolic process7
Cation transport1
Cell adhesion3
Cell communication1
Cell cycle11
Cell cycle control5
Cell cycle intracellular signaling cascade1
Cell cycle signal transduction1
Cell motility1
Cell motion10
Cell proliferation and differentiation3
Cell proliferation and differentiation 1
Cell surface receptor linked signal transduction14
Cell surface receptor-mediated signal transduction1
Cell-cell adhesion3
Cell-cell signaling9
Cellular component morphogenesis2
Cellular defense response4
Cellular glucose homeostasis1
Coenzyme metabolism1
Cytokine- and chemokine-mediated signaling pathways2
Developmental processes1
DNA repair1
DNA replication2
Dorsal/ventral axis specification1
Ectoderm development1
Ectoderm development8
Electron transport3
Embryonic development7
Endocytosis2
Extracellular transport2
Fatty acid biosynthesis1
Fatty acid metabolism1
Female gamete generation4
Gamete generation2
Gametogenesis1
General mRNA transcription activities1
Gluconeogenesis1
Granulocyte-mediated immunity1
Heart development1
Hematopoiesis1
Hemopoiesis3
Immune response2
Immune system process16
Immune system processMitosis1
Immunity and defense1
Induction of apoptosis9
Intracellular protein transport3
Intracellular signaling cascade18
Ligand-mediated signaling3
Lipid metabolic process4
Lipid transport2
Macrophage activation2
Macrophage-mediated immunity1
Mesoderm development12
Metabolic process1
Mitosis4
Monosaccharide metabolism2
mRNA transcription regulation1
Muscle organ development1
Not classified9
Natural killer cell activation1
Negative regulation of apoptosis8
Nervous system development7
Neurological system process1
NF-κB cascade1
Nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide, and nucleic acid metabolic process10
Oncogenesis3
Other intracellular protein traffic1
Other lipid, fatty acid and steroid metabolism1
Other signal transduction1
Oxidative phosphorylation 1
Oxygen and reactive oxygen species metabolic process1
Phosphatase activity cell cycle1
Phosphate metabolic process1
Protein ADP-ribosylation1
Protein metabolic process17
Protein phosphorylation3
Proteolysis7
Regulation of lipid, fatty acid and steroid metabolism1
Response to interferon-γ1
Response to stimulus2
Response to stress8
Response to toxin2
Segment specification3
Sensory perception1
Signal transduction25
Skeletal system development2
Spermatogenesis2
Steroid hormone metabolism1
Steroid metabolism2
Stress response2
T-cell-mediated immunity2
Transcription factor activity immune system process1
Transport1
Tumor suppressor1
Visual perception1