Research Article
Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Colonizing Upper Respiratory Tract of Healthy Preschool Children in Poland
Table 1
Demographic data of studied children.
| | | Number of children (%) | | Risk factor | | DCC1 | DCC2 | DCC3 | DCC4 | Home | All | | | () | () | () | () | () | () |
| | Age (yr) | 3 | 10 (13.7) | 15 (25.9) | 13 (32.5) | 16 (22.9) | 36 (51.4) | 90 (28.9) | | at entry | 4 | 26 (35.6) | 18 (31.0) | 15 (37.5) | 33 (47.1) | 23 (32.9) | 115 (37.0) | | 5 | 37 (50.7) | 25 (43.1) | 12 (30.0) | 21 (30.0) | 11 (15.7) | 106 (34.1) | | Sex | Female | 35 (48.0) | 31 (53.5) | 24 (60.0) | 33 (47.1) | 35 (50.0) | 158 (50.8) | | Male | 38 (52.0) | 27 (46.6) | 16 (40.0) | 37 (52.9) | 35 (50.0) | 153 (49.2) | | Sibling | No | 25 (34.3) | 27 (46.6) | 27 (67.5) | 36 (51.4) | 20 (28.6) | 135 (43.4) | | possessing | 1 | 41 (56.2) | 21 (36.2) | 12 (30.0) | 30 (42.9) | 35 (50.0) | 139 (44.7) | | 2 | 7 (9.6) | 10 (17.2) | 1 (2.5) | 4 (5.7) | 15 (21.4) | 37 (11.9) | | Siblings | ≤2 | 5 (6.8) | 3 (5.2) | 3 (7.5) | 5 (7.1) | 9 (12.9) | 25 (8.0) | | age (yr) | 3–5 | 6 (8.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.9) | 13 (18.6) | 21 (6.7) | | ≥6 | 34 (46.6) | 23 (40.0) | 10 (25.0) | 25 (35.7) | 23 (32.9) | 115 (37.0) | | ≤2 and 3–5 | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.9) | 3 (1.0) | | ≤2 and ≥6 | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.4) | 3 (1.0) | | 3–5 and ≥6 | 0 (0) | 5 (8.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (2.9) | 8 (2.6) | | ≤2 and 3–5 and ≥6 | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | | Passive smoking | | 31 (42.5) | 16 (27.6) | 13 (32.5) | 34 (48.6) | 22 (34.3) | 118 (37.9) |
| | | Autumn | Winter | Spring |
| |
Antibiotic consumptiona | 141 (45.3) | 132 (42.4) | 105 (33.8) | | β-Lactam | | 73 (23.5) | 76 (24.4) | 61 (19.6) | |
Macrolide | | 8 (2.6) | 13 (4.2) | 15 (4.8) | |
Cotrimoxazole | 19 (6.1) | 9 (2.9) | 8 (2.6) | | β-Lactam and macrolide | 12 (3.8) | 13 (4.2) | 4 (1.3) | | β-Lactam and cootrimoxazole | 6 (1.9) | 4 (1.3) | 3 (1.0) | |
Macrolide and cotrimoxazole | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | | β-Lactam and macrolide and cotrimoxazole | 3 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | | No data | | 14 (4.5) | 12 (3.9) | 8 (2.6) | | RTIsb | | 199 (64.0) | 190 (61.1) | 137 (44.1) | | Otitis media | | 13 (4.2) | 15 (4.8) | 8 (2.6) | | Pharyngitis | | 62 (19.9) | 40 (12.9) | 56 (18.0) | | Pneumonia | | 3 (1.0) | 4 (1.3) | 1 (0.3) | | Bronchitis | | 48 (15.4) | 27 (8.7) | 13 (4.2) | | Sinusitis | | 2 (0.6) | 2 (0.6) | 3 (1.0) | | Hospitalizationa | | 14 (4.5) | 6 (1.9) | 7 (2.3) |
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ain previous 2 months before swabbing; bin previous 3 months before swabbing; RTIs: respiratory tract infections; DCC: day care center.
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