Determination of the Sampler Type and Rainfall Effect on the Deposition Fluxes of the Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Table 4

Dry and bulk deposition flux values obtained at different sampling site.

Sampling site	Period	n*	Flux (ng/(m^2day))	Sampler type	Reference
Dry deposition
Paris, France (Urban)	1989	12	79	Stainless-steel funnel	[3]
Sleeping Bear Dunes, MI, USA (Rural)	1993–1995	44	60	Mylar strips, Apiezon L. grease	[14]
Chicago, IL, USA (Urban)	June–October 1995	—	240	WSS	[34]
Bursa, Turkey (Suburban)	July 2004–May 2005	41	40.6±40.6	WSS	[33]
Bursa, Turkey (Urban, Traffic site)	July 2004–May 2005	41	86.0±97.4	WSS	[35]
Yavuzselim, Bursa, Turkey (Residential)	June 2008–June 2009	83	5.50±2.50	WDDS	This study
Bulk deposition
P. Marghera. Italy (Industrial)	1998-1999	—	7.3	Pyrex funnel	[37]
Valle Figeri Italy (Far-clean)	1998-1999	—	1.5	Pyrex funnel	[37]
Tsukuba. Japan (Semirural)	1997-1998	12	0.3	Stainless-steel vessel	[38]
Galveston Bay. USA (Coastal)	Feb. 1995–Aug. 1996	22	17.5	Wet deposition and calculation	[36]
BOID Bursa. TR (Urban/Industrial)	July 2004–May 2005	41	15.4±14.3	Stainless-steel vessel	[16]
Gülbahçe, TR (Urban)	July 2004–May 2005	41	36.1±21.3	Stainless-steel vessel	[35]
Yavuzselim, TR (Residential)	June 2008–June 2009	83	7.20±3.50	Stainless-steel vessel	This study

* 𝐹 = 𝑉_𝑑 × 𝐶 (𝑉_𝑑 = 0.2 cm/s).