Research Article

The Association between Socioeconomic Characteristics and Consumption of Food Items among Brazilian Industry Workers

Table 2

Food frequency consumption of cereals products and dairy products (N (%)) and adjusted multinomial regression, SESI study.

Daily4–6 times/week2-3 times/week1 time/weekLess than 1 time/week (reference) 𝑃 value multinomial regression##

Dairy productsWhole milk≤0.001
Male490 (13.3)*858 (23.3)*338 (9.2)*348 (9.4)*1652 (44.8)
Female97 (8.6)246 (21.7)79 (7.0)93 (8.2)617 (54.5)
Skim milk≤0.001
Male80 (2.2)*149 (4.0)*104 (2.8)32 (0.9)3322 (90.1)
Female76 (6.7)72 (6.4)41 (3.6)11 (1.0)931 (82.3)
Yogurt≤0.001
Male92 (2.5)*68 (1.8)*376 (10.2)*309 (8.4)*2837 (77.1)
Female102 (9.0)37 (3.3)147 (13.0)146 (12.9)699 (61.8)
Cheese≤0.001
Male382 (10.4)*229 (6.2)842 (22.8)548 (14.9)1684 (45.7)
 Female220 (19.5)82 (7.3)228 (20.2)175 (15.5)425 (37.6)

Cereals productsBread0.05
Male2845 (77.2)#310 (8.4)229 (6.2)182 (4.9)120 (3.3)
Female760 (67.1)107 (9.5)129 (11.4)96 (8.5)40 (3.5)
Rice≤0.001
Male3377 (91.7)*168 (4.6)70 (1.9)19 (0.5)49 (1.3)
Female934 (82.6)94 (8.3)56 (5.0)16 (1.4)31 (2.7)
Pasta≤0.001
Male800 (21.7)*338 (9.2)*1371 (37.2)*694 (18.8)480 (13.0)
Female134 (11.9)101 (8.9)427 (37.8)283 (25.1)184 (16.3)

Fruits and vegetablesFruit juice≤0.001
Male1357 (36.8)*366 (9.9)*518 (14.1)*507 (13.8)938 (25.4)
Female348 (30.8)92 (8.1)152 (13.4)212 (18.7)327 (28.9)
Fruit≤0.001
Male1017 (27.6)*389 (10.6)1195 (32.5)*453 (12.3)626 (17.0)
Female467 (41.3)115 (10.2)263 (23.3)122 (10.8)164 (14.5)
Vegetables≤0.001
Male1831 (49.7)524 (14.2)*842 (22.9)*252 (6.8)234 (6.4)
Female642 (56.8)134 (11.8)210 (18.6)69 (6.1)76 (6.7)
Leafy vegetables≤0.001
Male1597 (43.3)*454 (12.3)867 (23.5)*330 (9.0)437 (11.9)
Female606 (53.6)134 (11.9)187 (16.6)83 (7.4)119 (10.5)

BeansBeans≤0.001
Male3166 (86.1)*227 (6.2)*172 (4.7)43 (1.2)68 (1.8)
Female735 (65.0)82 (7.3)161 (14.2)65 (5.7)88 (7.8)
SweetsSweets≤0.001
Male596 (16.2)*277 (7.5)*764 (20.8)521 (14.2)1519 (41.3)
Female266 (23.6)114 (10.1)187 (16.6)173 (15.3)389 (34.5)

MeatsSausages0.03
Male123 (3.3)161 (4.4)951 (25.8)*909 (24.7)1540 (41.8)
Female36 (3.2)45 (4.0)253 (22.4)276 (24.4)520 (46.0)
Fish≤0.001
Male55 (1.5)114 (3.1)691 (18.8)*1005 (27.3)*1818 (49.4)
Female13 (1.1)27 (2.4)152 (13.4)273 (24.1)666 (58.9)
Red meat≤0.001
Male902 (24.5)*778 (21.1)*1503 (40.8)*327 (8.9)176 (4.8)
Female189 (16.7)205 (18.1)479 (42.4)154 (13.6)103 (9.1)
Chicken with skin≤0.001
Male92 (2.5)284 (7.7)*1018 (27.7)*461 (12.6)*1816 (49.5)
Female35 (3.1)66 (5.9)203 (18.2)136 (12.2)677 (60.6)
Chicken without skin≤0.001
Male191 (5.2)*390 (10.6)*1199 (32.5)*479 (13.0)*1425 (38.7)
Female75 (6.7)181 (16.2)391 (34.9)160 (14.3)312 (27.9)

Oils and fatsFrench fries≤0.001
Male84 (2.3)114 (3.1)772 (21.0)*827 (22.5)*1882 (51.2)
Female19 (1.7)28 (2.5)196 (17.3)248 (21.9)639 (56.5)
Fried food≤0.001
Male132 (3.6)197 (5.4)*753 (20.5)*633 (17.2)1965 (53.4)
Female32 (2.8)40 (3.5)196 (17.3)233 (20.6)630 (55.7)
Bread with margarine≤0.001
Male1677 (45.5)180 (4.9)128 (3.5)#81 (2.2)*1621 (44.0)
Female465 (41.1)56 (4.9)55 (4.9)55 (4.9)501 (44.3)
Bread with butter≤0.001
Male1173 (31.8)*134 (3.6)93 (2.5)*82 (2.2)2204 (59.8)
Female245 (21.7)43 (3.8)62 (5.5)26 (2.3)755 (66.8)
Food with lard0.2
Male114 (3.1)28 (0.8)80 (2.2)57 (1.5)3404 (92.4)
Female38 (3.4)15 (1.3)20 (1.8)23 (2.0)1036 (91.5)
Bacon0.1
Male35 (1.0)45 (1.2)217 (5.9)329 (8.9)3054 (83.0)
Female8 (0.7)28 (2.5)58 (5.1)87 (7.7)949 (84.0)
Fast foodSoda≤0.001
Male562 (15.3)*516 (14.0)*1179 (32.0)*615 (16.7)*810 (22.0)
Female111 (9.8)84 (7.4)277 (24.5)252 (22.3)406 (35.9)
Bread with mayonnaise≤0.001
Male615 (16.7)40 (1.1)30 (0.8)*25 (0.7)2976 (80.7)
Female180 (15.9)17 (1.5)34 (3.0)12 (1.1)888 (78.5)
X burger0.003
Male25 (0.7)#27 (0.7)258 (7.0)*486 (13.2)#2888 (78.4)
Female3 (0.3)11 (1.0)61 (5.4)156 (13.8)899 (79.6)
Pizza0.7
Male19 (0.5)27 (0.7)224 (6.1)701 (19.0)2711 (73.6)
Female4 (0.4)12 (1.1)93 (8.2)250 (22.1)771 (68.2)

𝑃 values of chi-square test: * 𝑃 value <0.001. ** 0.01 ≤ 𝑃 value ≤0.049. ## 𝑃 value adjusted for age, education, size of company.