Fate and Transport of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Upland Irish Headwater Lake Catchments

Table 1

Chemical, physical, and meteorological characteristics of study catchments (𝑛=5): Lough Cummeenoughter (CUM), Lough Adanacleveen (ADA), Mullincrick Lough (MUL), Sgilloge Lough (SGI), and Cleevaun Lough (CLE). Lake chemical observations represent average concentrations during the period 2010-2011 (𝑛=6).

Site characteristics	CUM	ADA	MUL	SGI	CLE
Easting (m)	80300	91900	187600	229700	307100
Northing (m)	84800	314200	416700	111500	207300
Elevation (masl)	713.0	554.0	493.0	505.1	684.7
Lake size (ha)	0.35	1.52	0.85	2.36	1.78
Catchment size (ha)	1.90	15.5	4.50	63.4	10.1
% over land (1-day mean)	11.52	11.32	14.42	21.76	27.04
Water temperature (°C)	7.59	9.35	11.07	10.53	8.43
Rainfall (mm yr^−1)	3060	1701	2003	1895	1847
Air temperature (°C)	10.28	9.30	9.02	9.80	9.59
Lake measurements
pH	6.44	4.75	4.96	5.93	4.70
Conductivity (μS cm^−1)	24.95	56.46	57.89	29.79	26.00
Total organic carbon (mg L^−1)	1.10	4.05	4.82	3.77	6.01
Gran alkalinity (mg L^−1)	0.35	−0.75	−0.59	0.22	−0.66
Sulphate (mg L^−1)	1.42	2.17	2.41	1.48	1.54
Chloride (mg L^−1)	6.00	13.24	14.49	5.04	4.53
Dissolved oxygen (mg L^−1)	11.88	11.84	11.53	11.19	11.49
Soil measurements
Soil type	Lithosol	Peat	Peat	Peat	Peat
Bulk density (g cm^−3)	0.54	0.13	0.14	0.16	0.12
pH (H2O)	4.35	4.01	4.00	3.83	3.85
Loss-on-ignition (%)	7.04	96.25	96.00	92.95	85.13
Nitrogen (%)	0.32	1.69	1.70	2.07	2.01
Carbon (%)	3.57	47.46	47.3	47.74	44.23
Sulphur (%)	0.05	0.34	0.30	0.36	0.37