Ammonia Volatilization from Urea-Application Influenced Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Dry Direct-Seeded Rice

Figure 1

Ammonia volatilization under application of AS50 (ammonium sulfate, 50 kg N ha⁻¹), AS100 (ammonium sulfate, 100 kg N ha⁻¹), Urea50 (50 kg N ha⁻¹), Urea100 (100 kg N ha⁻¹), Urea50 + NBPT1 (50 kg N ha⁻¹ + 1.09 kg NBPT ha⁻¹), and Urea100 + NBPT2 (100 kg N ha⁻¹ + 2.18 kg NBPT ha⁻¹) in comparison with zero N input (control) in a field experiment. Ammonia volatilization was the sum of ammonia volatilized during 14 days after sowing. Error bars represent the standard error.