Deriving Freshwater Quality Criteria for Iron, Lead, Nickel, and Zinc for Protection of Aquatic Life in Malaysia

Table 3

Comparison criteria of metal concentration in freshwater ecosystem.

	Fe (μg L^−1)	Pb (μg L^−1)	Ni (μg L^−1)	Zn (μg L^−1)
This study	CMC = 37.2	CMC = 8.5	CMC = 82.5	CMC = 152.4
	CCC = 9.0	CCC = 2.0	CCC = 19.9	CCC = 36.7
USEPA	n.a.	CMC = 10.8^*	CMC = 120^*	CMC = 30^*
		CCC = 0.42^*	CCC = 13.3^*	CCC = 30^*
CCME	300	1	25	30
UNECE (Class I)	n.a.	<0.1	<15	<45
NWQS (Class II)	1000	50	50	5000

Sources: CCME [34]; NWQS [2]; USEPA [32]; UNECE [33].
n.a.—not available.
^*For water hardness 20 mg L⁻¹.