Ephedra alte (Joint Pine): An Invasive, Problematic Weedy Species in Forestry and Fruit Tree Orchards in Jordan

Table 4

Distribution of climbed plant species by E. alte between six representative sites selected randomly in Jordan, showing percentage of climber number and their coverage percentage on each species and between sites late in 2010.

Plant species	Site 1		Site 2		Site 3		Site 4		Site 5		Site 6
	No. of E. alte (%)	Cover by E. alte (%)	No. of E. alte (%)	Cover by E. alte (%)	No. of E. alte (%)	Cover by E. alte (%)	No. of E. alte (%)	Cover by E. alte (%)	No. of E. alte (%)	Cover by E. alte (%)	No. of E. alte (%)	Cover by E. alte (%)
A. altissima	—	—	—	—	—	—	4.1	80.0 abc	—	—	—	—
A. communis	13.0	80.0 b*	35.7	76.6 b	42.3	83.3 b	4.1	64.0 abc	21.7	73.0 ab	2.0	95.0 c
A. donax	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.0	70.0 abc	—	—	—	—
A. stipularis	8.7	85.0 b	4.2	90.4 b	—	—	—	—	2.2	50.0 ab	—	—
C. spinosa	—	—	0.6	5.0 a	3.9	10.0 a	4.1	50.0 ab	2.2	95.0 b	6.1	66.7 abc
C. lemon	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.0	40.0 b
C. sempervirens	—	—	—	—	—	—	14.3	58.6 abc	—	—	—	—
C. monogyna	34.8	67.0 b	20.8	82.2 b	19.2	71.6 b	2.0	100.0 c	—	—	—	—
C. aurantifolia	—	—	—	—	—	—	10.2	38.0 a	—	—	—	—
E. hierosolymitana	—	—	4.8	71.3 b	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
F. carica	—	—	—	—	—	—	6.1	56.7 abc	4.4	90.0 b	—	—
Galium sp.	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.0	90.0 c	—	—	—	—
I. viscosa	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.2	80.0 ab	—	—
N. oleander	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.0	30.0 a
O. europaea	4.4	15.0 a	3.0	47.0 a	3.9	20.0 a	20.4	59.5 abc	—	—	4.1	35.0 a
O. ficus-indica	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	8.7	68.8 ab	—	—
P. halepensis	—	—	3.0	47.0 a	—	—	2.0	80.0 abc	—	—	—	—
P. indica	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	4.1	65.0 abc
S. spinosum	8.7	65.0 b	1.8	80.0 b	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
P. farcta	—	—	—	—	—	—	6.1	73.3 abc	—	—	2.0	95.0 c
P. persica	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.2	98.0 b	—	—
P. palaestina	8.7	12.0 a	—	—	—	—	8.2	72.5 abc	8.7	55.0 ab	—	—
P. granatum	4.4	95.0 b	—	—	—	—	—	—	4.4	45.0 a	—	—
Q. coccifera	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	28.3	76.8 ab	4.1	85.0 bc
R. raetam	—	—	—	—	—	—	4.1	40.0 a	—	—	49.0	75.8 bc
R. palaestina	17.4	62.5 b	26.2	80.3 b	30.8	81.0 b	10.2	69.2 abc	10.9	64.0 ab	2.0	95.0 c
R. coriaria	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	4.4	50.0 ab	—	—
R. tripartita	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	8.2	62.5 b
Z. spina-christi	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	14.3	88.6 c

*Means within column followed by the same letter were not significantly different according to 𝑡-test at 𝑃≤0.05.
Numbers of % coverage represent mean values ± SE.