Mortality Predicted Accuracy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Hepatic Resection Using Artificial Neural Network

Table 2

Comparison of clinical features between training data and validation data.

Variables	Definitions	1-year (𝑁=434)					3-year (𝑁=341)					5-year (𝑁=264)
		Training		Validation			Training		Validation			Training		Validation
		(𝑁=347)		(𝑁=87)		𝑃	(𝑁=273)		(𝑁=68)		𝑃	(𝑁=211)		(𝑁=53)		𝑃
		𝑁	%	𝑁	%		𝑁	%	𝑁	%		𝑁	%	𝑁	%
Age	≦65	251	72.3	62	71.3	0.842	197	72.2	53	77.9	0.335	157	74.4	37	69.8	0.498
	>65	96	27.7	25	28.7		76	27.8	15	22.1		54	25.6	16	30.2
Gender	Male	262	75.5	68	78.2	0.604	209	76.6	54	79.4	0.616	162	76.8	38	71.7	0.440
	Female	85	24.5	19	21.8		64	23.4	14	20.6		49	23.2	15	28.3
Comorbidity	No	170	49.0	39	44.8	0.487	144	52.7	35	51.5	0.850	112	53.1	31	58.5	0.480
	Yes	177	51.0	48	55.2		129	47.3	33	48.5		99	46.9	22	41.5
Liver cirrhosis	No	118	34.0	30	34.5	0.933	91	33.3	19	27.9	0.395	63	29.9	11	20.8	0.187
	Yes	229	66.0	57	65.5		182	66.7	49	72.1		148	70.1	42	79.2
α-Fetoprotein (ng/mL)	≦100	243	70.0	62	71.3	0.822	192	70.3	43	63.2	0.258	135	64.0	38	71.7	0.291
	>100	104	30.0	25	28.7		81	29.7	25	36.8		76	36.0	15	28.3
AST	≦80	283	81.6	72	82.8	0.795	222	81.3	53	77.9	0.528	169	80.1	40	75.5	0.459
	>80	64	18.4	15	17.2		51	18.7	15	22.1		42	19.9	13	24.5
Total bilirubin	≦1.0	255	73.5	57	65.5	0.139	200	73.3	52	76.5	0.590	152	72.0	41	77.4	0.435
	>1.0	92	26.5	30	34.5		73	26.7	16	23.5		59	28.0	12	22.6
Albumin	>3.5	270	77.8	68	78.2	0.944	210	76.9	52	76.5	0.937	153	72.5	39	73.6	0.875
	≦3.5	77	22.2	19	21.8		63	23.1	16	23.5		58	27.5	14	26.4
BUN	≦21	293	84.4	75	86.2	0.681	231	84.6	57	83.8	0.872	174	82.5	46	86.8	0.450
	>21	54	15.6	12	13.8		42	15.4	11	16.2		37	17.5	7	13.2
Platelet	>150	170	49.0	48	55.2	0.303	133	48.7	36	52.9	0.533	99	46.9	23	43.4	0.646
	≦150	177	51.0	39	44.8		140	51.3	32	47.1		112	53.1	30	56.6
ASA classification	1	87	25.1	19	21.8	0.616	75	27.5	21	30.9	0.599	63	29.9	23	43.4	0.149
	2	179	51.6	50	57.5		147	53.8	32	47.1		106	50.2	23	43.4
	3, 4	81	23.3	18	20.7		51	18.7	15	22.1		42	19.9	7	13.2
Child-Pugh classification	A	335	96.5	85	97.7	0.584	263	96.3	67	98.5	0.360	201	95.3	52	98.1	0.353
	B, C	12	3.5	2	2.3		10	3.7	1	1.5		10	4.7	1	1.9
TNM stage	I	190	54.8	49	56.3	0.444	142	52.0	29	42.6	0.374	93	44.1	26	49.1	0.095
	II	119	34.3	25	28.7		95	34.8	29	42.6		86	40.8	14	26.4
	IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, IV	38	11.0	13	14.9		36	13.2	10	14.7		32	15.2	13	24.5
Tumor no.	Single	238	68.6	63	72.4	0.489	190	69.6	39	57.4	0.054	127	60.2	38	71.7	0.122
	Multiple	109	31.4	24	27.6		83	30.4	29	42.6		84	39.8	15	28.3
Tumor size (cm)	≦5	268	77.2	67	77.0	0.965	204	74.7	50	73.5	0.840	154	73.0	37	69.8	0.644
	>5	79	22.8	20	23.0		69	25.3	18	26.5		57	27.0	16	30.2
Vascular invasion	No	275	79.3	65	74.7	0.358	206	75.5	54	79.4	0.493	156	73.9	40	75.5	0.819
	Yes	72	20.7	22	25.3		67	24.5	14	20.6		55	26.1	13	24.5
Portal vein invasion	No	335	96.5	87	100	0.079	265	97.1	66	97.1	0.996	203	96.2	51	96.2	0.995
	Yes	12	3.5	0	0.0		8	2.9	2	2.9		8	3.8	2	3.8
Surgical procedure	Laparoscopic	69	19.9	15	17.2	0.577	51	18.7	16	23.5	0.368	51	24.2	10	18.9	0.413
	Open surgery	278	80.1	72	82.8		222	81.3	52	76.5		160	75.8	43	81.1
Postoperative complication	No	310	89.3	78	89.7	0.931	240	87.9	59	86.8	0.797	182	86.3	45	84.9	0.800
	Yes	37	10.7	9	10.3		33	12.1	9	13.2		29	13.7	8	15.1
Recurrence	No	158	45.5	37	42.5	0.614	115	42.1	23	33.8	0.212	71	33.6	17	32.1	0.828
	Yes	189	54.5	50	57.5		158	57.9	45	66.2		140	66.4	36	67.9
Postoperative treatment	No	156	45.0	35	40.2	0.427	104	38.1	27	39.7	0.807	67	31.8	19	35.8	0.570
	yes	191	55.0	52	59.8		169	61.9	41	60.3		144	68.2	34	64.2
Status	Survived	295	85	79	90.8	0.162	165	60.4	37	54.4	0.365	80	37.9	14	26.4	0.118
	Expired	52	15	8	9.2		108	39.6	31	45.6		131	62.1	39	73.6