Genotoxic Potential and Physicochemical Parameters of Sinos River, Southern Brazil

Table 1

Physicochemical parameters of water samples from different sites of Sinos River in the summer and winter of 2008.

Parameter	CONAMA	Caraá; Upper course		Parobé; Middle course		Sapucaia do Sul; Lower course
		Summer	Winter	Summer	Winter	Summer	Winter
BOD5, mgO2 L^−1	5.0	<1.0	1	1	7*	7*	12*
COD, mgO2 L^−1	—	8	2	10	7	15	34
Chlorides, mg L^−1	250	3.1	2.9	2.9	3.5	12.2	10.7
Conductivity, 𝜇S cm^−1	100	32.75	29	69.05	68.45	142.85*	119.7*
Hardness, mgCaCO3 L^−1	—	7	13	22	29	31	42
Total nitrogen, mg L^−1	—	1.3	<0.5	2.28	<0.5	3.91	<0.5
Ammoniacal nitrogen, mg L^−1	3.7	nd	<0.5	nd	<0.5	1.46	<0.5
Total phosphorus, mg L^−1	0.1	nd	<0.012	0.105*	0.06	0.201*	1.075*
Aluminum, mg L^−1	0.1	0.05	nd	0.59*	0.18*	0.05	2.0*
Lead, mg L^−1	0.01	nd	nd	nd	0.0015	nd	0.004
Chromium, mg L^−1	0.05	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	0.04
Copper, mg L^−1	0.009	nd	nd	0.002	nd	0.004	0.04*
Nickel, mg L^−1	0.025	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	0.01
Iron, mg L^−1	0.3	0.08	0.23	1.93*	0.66*	1.13*	6.88*
Zinc, mg L^−1	0.18	0.01	nd	0.01	nd	0.01	0.08
Sodium, mg L^−1	—	5	5.4	6	6.9	13.4	14.1
Dissolved solids, mg L^−1	500	10.5	77	35.5	91	17	110
Total solids, mg L^−1	—	51.5	197	117.5	215	169	870
Total volatile solids, mg L^−1	—	34.5	144	75.5	133	105	227
pH	6.0 to 9.0	7.46	7.06	7.21	7.28	6.89	6.89
Nitrates, mg L^−1	10.0	1.09	0.12	2.83	1.42	2.18	1.28
Nitrite, mg L^−1	1.0	nd	0.003	0.04	0.04	0.16	0.12
Turbidity, NTU	100	0.42	0.02	17.4	0.9	12.4	50.5
Dissolved oxygen, mg L^−1	5.0	8.13	8.53	7.31	7.11	4.47*	2.03*
Total coliforms, NMP/100 mL	—	5012	697	101120	68930	56300	23100
Fecal coliforms, NMP/100 mL	1000	85	84	2690*	8620*	3000*	5200*

Values were obtained from one water sample. nd: not detected. *Values at odds with the CONAMA resolution n. 357/05 upper limits to class 2 water category [18].