Spatiotemporal Variation and Risk Assessment of Pesticides in Water of the Lower Catchment Basin of Acheloos River, Western Greece

Table 3

(a) Seasonal distribution of mean concentration and standard error (ng L⁻¹) of fungicides and herbicides for each year of the sampling period (2005–2007). (b) Seasonal distribution of mean concentration and standard error (ng L⁻¹) of selected insecticides and metabolites for each year of the sampling period (2005–2007).

(a)  

		Fungicides (ng L^−1)				Herbicides (ng L^−1)
		Triadimefon	Pyrazophos	Penconazole	Cyproconazole	Atrazine	Trifluralin	S-Metolachlor	DEA	Alachlor
2005	Spring	35.6±3.66^c	5.30±0.57	93.0±17.9^b	16.5±5.99	77.1±18.7^b	24.4±3.02	10.2±1.26^c	62.2±5.57^b,c	42.8±3.63^b,c
	Summer	19.7±2.00^b	2.06±0.49	39.8±16.9^a	11.7±4.17	25.6±5.04^a	26.3±6.44	5.46±0.76^b	90.8±22.1^c	56.5±12.1^c
	Autumn	14.1±4.61^b	6.22±2.62	7.73±3.1^a	9.31±4.99	29.1±13.8^a	12.2±4.47	1.85±0.43^a	36.5±10.9^a,b	22.6±6.82^a,b
	Winter	1.00±0.00^a	1.00±0.00	1.00±0.00^a	2.77±0.77	13.9±4.60^a	19.4±18.9	0.50±0.00^a	2.00±0.00^a	1.00±0.00^a
2006	Spring	11.1±2.40^b	2.70±0.80	2.72±1.40	282±60.7^b	24.3±9.27	75.0±19.6^b	3.28±1.53	39.6±13.9	8.22±2.13
	Summer	3.49±1.20^a	1.00±0.00	2.35±1.35	145±38.1^a,b	18.4±7.47	0.50±0.00^a	1.88±0.51	14.4±3.48	8.43±3.03
	Autumn	3.37±0.83^a	1.95±0.44	5.47±1.86	5.21±0.95^a	3.02±0.94	0.50±0.00^a	0.91±0.18	34.4±5.46	2.13±0.63
	Winter	1.38±0.38^a	1.00±0.00	1.00±0.00	3.53±0.97^a	1.00±0.00	0.50±0.00^a	0.50±0.00	8.87±4.48	1.38±0.38
2007	Spring	8.27±3.99	1.00±0.00	34.3±12.83	44.9±18.2	3.26±1.37	1.52±1.02	0.56±0.06	129±21.9^c	8.56±5.70
	Summer	21.6±10.9	1.47±0.47	26.5±6.98	31.1±12.5	9.83±3.99	0.63±0.09	0.63±0.09	43.9±15.2^a,b	7.97±2.07
	Autumn	2.26±0.41	1.04±0.04	10.8±0.88	6.97±2.00	4.39±1.55	3.46±1.54	0.63±0.09	87.1±26.1^b,c	20.5±3.48
	Winter	2.85±1.44	1.11±0.11	6.90±2.01	4.30±1.03	1.38±0.38	1.08±0.26	0.50±0.00	6.17±4.17^a	10.6±3.50

(b)

		Insecticides (ng L^−1)
		Dichlorvos	Parathion methyl	Chlorpyrifos	Malaoxon	Dimethoate	Diazinon	Fenthion	Pirimiphos methyl	Chlorpyrifos methyl	Methidathion
2005	Spring	39.5±3.43^c	27.5±3.46^b	53.6±6.37^b	7.61±0.91^a	8.62±2.42^b	20.2±1.88^b,c	28.7±5.81^b	33.4±4.44^b,c	14.3±1.4	5.77±1.10^b,c
	Summer	9.52±2.01^b	10.9±3.46^a	45.4±9.06^b	16.8±3.17^b	7.99±1.26^b	26.7±2.13^c	46.7±4.98^c	37.7±9.34^c	23.1±6.64	8.63±1.79^c
	Autumn	4.18±1.14^a,b	7.08±2.35^a	18.9±6.83^a	3.57±1.10^a	1.89±0.27^a	16.9±2.25^b	10.6±4.58^a	14.5±3.54^a,b	23.6±6.06	2.04±0.86^a,b
	Winter	0.50±0.00^a	1.00±0.00^a	1.00±0.00^a	1.00±0.00^a	5.90±2.10^a.b	2.00±0.00^a	0.50±0.00^a	0.50±0.00^a	0.69±0.19	0.50±0.00^a
2006	Spring	1.70±0.48	6.87±2.37^a,b	5.45±1.54	4.70±2.04	2.59±0.84^a	18.4±2.58^c	6.88±2.19	31.6±8.26^b	5.70±1.36^b	1.67±0.51
	Summer	1.08±0.31	15.3±4.33^b	2.81±1.31	1.57±0.57	12.6±3.20^b	7.81±1.32^a,b	8.87±2.02	1.22±0.45^a	2.26±0.81^a	3.99±1.38
	Autumn	1.75±0.36	4.37±1.04^a	3.50±1.07	2.41±0.59	1.89±0.27^a	10.3±1.10^b	5.34±1.44	0.69±0.10^a	0.69±0.10^a	2.45±0.68
	Winter	1.21±0.51	1.00±0.00^a	1.95±0.95	1.22±0.14	3.07±1.32^a	3.70±1.15^a	1.12±0.62	0.88±0.24^a	0.50±0.00^a	0.50±0.00
2007	Spring	21.6±3.73^b	1.33±0.33	3.76±1.86	19.2±6.36^b	1.51±0.40^a	36.2±3.52^b	1.84±1.34^a,b	16.4±4.81^b	2.58±1.09	1.30±0.80
	Summer	5.80±2.73^a	1.13±0.13	1.11±0.06	1.71±0.52^a	1.34±0.34^a	33.4±4.61^b	0.66±0.16^a	3.11±0.62^a	0.76±0.12	3.30±1.45
	Autumn	4.33±1.64^a	1.26±0.18	1.29±0.08	1.43±0.07^a	1.00±0.00^a	32.5±3.71^b	4.48±0.72^b	0.56±0.06^a	1.27±0.13	10.2±1.15
	Winter	0.99±0.30^a	1.00±0.00	1.11±0.11	2.17±0.92^a	5.48±3.27^b	3.60±1.60^a	4.67±1.35^b	0.50±0.00^a	1.07±0.26	8.05±0.90

Different letters indicate significant differences at significance level P < 0.05 for each year separately of the total sampling period of three years (2005–2007).