The Prevalence and Awareness of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Southern Chinese Population with Coronary Artery Disease
Table 2
Patients demographic stratified by disease status.
Variable
Male
Female
Total
value
ACS ()
Others ()
value
ACS ()
Others ()
value
ACS ()
Others ()
Age (years)
61.2 ± 0.4
63.3 ± 0.5
0.001
67.1 ± 0.5
67.1 ± 0.5
0.941
63.1 ± 0.3
64.5 ± 0.4
0.004
Body mass index (kg/m2)
23.8 ± 0.1
24.2 ± 0.1
0.026
23.8 ± 0.2
24.1 ± 0.2
0.232
23.8 ± 0.1
24.1 ± 0.1
0.014
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
130 ± 1
132 ± 1
0.021
134 ± 1
136 ± 1
0.325
131 ± 1
133 ± 1
0.017
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
76 ± 1
77 ± 1
0.051
76 ± 1
76 ± 1
0.558
76 ± 1
77 ± 1
0.052
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
4.52 ± 0.04
4.45 ± 0.05
0.306
4.94 ± 0.06
4.87 ± 0.06
0.428
4.66 ± 0.03
4.59 ± 0.04
0.168
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)
2.89 ± 0.04
2.77 ± 0.06
0.097
3.06 ± 0.05
2.99 ± 0.05
0.337
2.95 ± 0.03
2.84 ± 0.04
0.050
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)
0.99 ± 0.01
1.06 ± 0.01
<0.001
1.15 ± 0.02
1.18 ± 0.02
0.223
1.04 ± 0.01
1.10 ± 0.01
<0.001
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
1.82 ± 0.04
1.74 ± 0.06
0.310
1.83 ± 0.06
1.86 ± 0.06
0.728
1.83 ± 0.04
1.78 ± 0.05
0.432
Lysophosphatidic acid (g/L)
0.39 (0.23, 0.88)
0.34 (0.21, 0.65)
0.005
0.39 (0.22, 0.86)
0.33 (0.20, 0.58)
0.023
0.39 (0.23, 0.87)
0.34 (0.21, 0.61)
<0.001
Apolipoprotein A (g/L)
1.02 ± 0.01
1.11 ± 0.01
<0.001
1.17 ± 0.01
1.24 ± 0.02
<0.001
1.07 ± 0.01
1.15 ± 0.01
<0.001
Apolipoprotein B (g/L)
0.78 ± 0.01
0.73 ± 0.01
<0.001
0.85 ± 0.02
0.79 ± 0.02
0.018
0.81 ± 0.01
0.75 ± 0.01
<0.001
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
6.45 ± 0.08
5.97 ± 0.11
<0.001
7.07 ± 0.16
6.09 ± 0.16
<0.001
6.64 ± 0.07
5.98 ± 0.09
<0.001
Uric acid (umol/L)
385±4
404 ± 5
0.002
342 ± 6
358 ± 6
0.041
371 ± 3
388 ± 4
<0.001
Duration of coronary artery disease (years)
First diagnosed patients ()
—
—
—
—
—
—
History diagnosed patients ()
2.00 (0.77, 6.31)
2.42 (1.00, 6.99)
0.031
3.21 (0.94, 9.78)
5.07 (2.00, 10.5)
0.002
2.43 (0.79, 7.15)
3.67 (1.17, 8.96)
<0.001
Marriage (%)
94.5
92.7
0.329
79.5
83.7
0.316
90.5
89.1
0.454
Years of education (%)
0.595
0.207
0.271
≤9
57.9
56.4
72.3
66.8
62.1
60.5
10–12
20.7
23.1
16.5
17.0
19.5
20.7
≥13
21.4
20.5
11.2
16.2
18.4
18.8
Physical activities (%)
0.030
0.445
0.066
None
41.7
31.9
29.8
33.2
38.3
32.4
≤30 min
18.2
23.4
22.6
22.6
19.5
23.1
>30 min
40.1
44.7
47.6
44.2
42.2
44.5
Smoking (%)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Never
37.5
48.3
94.7
96.1
53.4
67.6
Past
8.9
14.7
1.6
2.5
6.9
9.8
Current
53.6
37.0
3.7
1.4
39.7
22.7
Alcohol drinking (%)
0.094
0.021
0.006
Never
68.7
65.7
98.6
97.7
77.4
78.6
Past
9.5
11.4
0.0
0.8
6.8
7.1
Current
21.8
22.8
1.4
1.5
15.8
14.3
Coronary artery stenosis degree of CAG
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Not conduct
19.6
43.4
39.9
58.5
25.2
49.5
<50%
6.5
18.4
7.7
22.5
6.9
20.1
50–74.9%
7.3
9.3
8.5
7.2
7.6
8.4
≥75%
66.6
28.9
43.9
11.8
60.3
22.0
Triple vessel disease (%) ( with coronary angiography)
58.6
39.0
<0.001
54.8
25.4
<0.001
57.8
34.8
<0.001
Treatment of coronary disease (%)
Percutaneous coronary intervention
71.9
37.9
<0.001
53.6
15.2
<0.001
66.5
28.1
<0.001
Coronary artery bypass graft
2.6
3.3
0.470
1.5
0.9
0.464
2.3
2.3
0.972
Hypertension
49.3
59.1
0.001
64.0
63.8
0.956
53.6
61.1
0.001
Diabetes mellitus
26.8
23.7
0.181
38.5
28.5
0.003
30.1
25.6
0.021
Dyslipidemia
23.9
23.7
0.918
26.0
29.3
0.305
24.5
26.0
0.423
Current prevalence of diseases (%)
Hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg for SBP/DBP or drug use)
92.8
88.9
0.015
92.9
89.0
0.075
92.9
89.0
0.002
Diabetes mellitus (≥7.0 mmol/L for FPG or drug use)
42.1
35.1
0.014
49.3
37.1
0.001
44.2
36.0
<0.001
Dyslipidemia*
95.8
89.9
<0.001
91.2
86.6
0.057
94.4
88.5
<0.001
Awareness rate of disease (%)
Hypertension
56.9
67.5
<0.001
70.7
72.8
0.542
60.9
69.7
<0.001
Diabetes mellitus
60.8
68.9
0.060
71.6
71.6
0.993
64.2
70.1
0.071
Dyslipidemia
25.2
29.3
0.102
29.6
35.9
0.090
26.4
31.9
0.007
The metabolic syndrome and its individual components (%)
Metabolic syndrome (BMI ≥25 kg/m2)
56.5
50.0
0.016
65.8
64.2
0.640
59.1
55.9
0.129
Metabolic syndrome (BMI ≥25 kg/m2, with waist circumference)
56.3
51.9
0.227
66.8
67.6
0.880
58.9
58.0
0.776
Metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, )
62.7
58.2
0.211
81.3
79.1
0.602
67.2
66.4
0.770
Obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2)
33.2
36.8
0.154
32.9
34.1
0.719
33.1
35.7
0.196
Obesity (waist circumference >85/80 cm for male/female)
52.2
56.7
0.191
82.1
84.2
0.585
59.4
67.1
0.005
Triglycerides (≥1.70 mmol/L)
39.8
31.3
0.001
43.3
41.7
0.645
40.8
35.5
0.012
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<1.0/1.3 mmol/L for male/female)
53.8
43.4
<0.001
69.0
69.2
0.955
58.0
54.0
0.060
High blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg for SBP/DBP)
94.5
92.3
0.118
94.0
93.2
0.645
94.4
92.7
0.128
Fasting plasma glucose (≥5.6 mmol/L)
59.2
51.7
0.005
66.8
54.6
0.001
61.3
52.9
<0.001
Only 1303 but not all study samples measured waist circumference. CAG: coronary angiography.
*Dyslipidemia was defined as any one of triglyceride ≥2.26 mmol/L, total cholesterol ≥6.22 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥4.14 mmol/L, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <1.04 mmol/L and/or using cholesterol-lowering medicines during the last 2 weeks.