Correlates of and Barriers to the Utilization of Health Services for Delivery in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

Table 1

Percentage distribution of the study population by country.

Variables	Kenya	Nigeria	Tanzania	Bangladesh	India	Pakistan
Sample size	3,365	17,025	4,510	4,811	36,115	5,655
Place of residence
Rural	74.2	73.3	80.0	64.6	60.5	65.0
Urban	25.8	26.7	20.0	35.4	39.5	35.0
Wife’s education
None	19.9	50.9	24.7	25.4	38.2	66.5
Primary	55.4	22.1	62.7	30.5	14.2	13.8
Secondary+	24.7	27.1	12.6	44.1	47.6	19.6
Husband’s education
None	15.2	41.4	17.5	31.7	22.6	36.5
Primary	47.5	20.7	67.4	28.3	14.4	16.2
Secondary+	37.3	37.8	15.0	40.0	63.1	47.3
Women’s work
Not working	44.9	35.2	17.9	76.0	71.0	76.1
Working	55.1	64.8	82.1	24.0	29.0	23.9
Final say on own health care
No	30.3	59.3	43.6	39.1	35.9	—
Yes	69.7	40.7	56.4	60.9	64.1	—
Wealth index
Poorest	26.5	26.7	18.5	19.1	16.6	22.4
Poorer	16.9	23.6	21.6	19.9	17.5	21.6
Middle	16.4	19.1	20.5	18.5	20.1	19.6
Richer	16.8	16.6	21.7	19.2	22.1	18.6
Richest	23.4	14.0	17.6	23.4	23.7	17.9
Media exposure
Low	70.4	75.9	81.1	83.3	69.0	—
High	29.6	24.1	18.9	16.7	31.0	—
Age
<30	57.7	52.2	51.5	73.5	70.2	52.9
30–39	34.4	35.7	36.2	23.3	26.9	37.7
40+	7.9	12.2	12.4	3.2	2.9	9.4
Birth parity
1-2	37.8	31.6	33.1	57.9	57.7	35.3
3-4	31.5	29.0	30.1	28.3	27.4	28.4
5+	30.7	39.5	36.8	13.9	14.9	36.2