Emergy Evaluation of a Production and Utilization Process of Irrigation Water in China

Table 2

Emergy evaluation of irrigation water production system^a.

Number	Item	Raw data		Solar transformity		Solar emergy
Renewable resources (R)						1.09𝐸+17	sej/year
1	Water taken from the local river	2.94𝐸+12	J/year	3.72𝐸+04	sej/J^b	1.09𝐸+17	sej/year
Nonrenewable resources (N)						1.26𝐸+17	sej/year
2	Soil	1.26𝐸+08	g/year	1.00𝐸+09	sej/g^c	1.26𝐸+17	sej/year
3	Water used by cement	2.22𝐸+07	J/year	3.72𝐸+04	sej/J^b	8.26𝐸+11	sej/year
Materials (M)						1.92𝐸+17	sej/year
4	Cement	1.03𝐸+07	g/year	3.04𝐸+09	sej/g^d	3.12𝐸+16	sej/year
5	Sand	2.73𝐸+07	g/year	1.00𝐸+09	sej/g^d	2.73𝐸+16	sej/year
6	Stone	3.36𝐸+07	g/year	1.68𝐸+09	sej/g^d	5.64𝐸+16	sej/year
7	Steel	6.00𝐸+04	g/year	6.94𝐸+09	sej/g^d	4.16𝐸+14	sej/year
8	Brick	1.80𝐸+07	g/year	3.68𝐸+09	sej/g^d	6.62𝐸+16	sej/year
9	Machinery	3.11𝐸+02	$/year	3.38𝐸+12	sej/$^e	1.05𝐸+15	sej/year
10	Temporary works	2.98𝐸+01	$/year	3.38𝐸+12	sej/$^e	1.01𝐸+14	sej/year
11	Electricity	5.97𝐸+10	J/year	1.59𝐸+05	sej/J^c	9.49𝐸+15	sej/year
Services (S)						1.70𝐸+16	sej/year
12	Labor	3.49𝐸+03	$/year	3.38𝐸+12	sej/$^e	1.18𝐸+16	sej/year
13	Other costs (e.g., construction management, and production preparation )	1.82𝐸+02	$/year	3.38𝐸+12	sej/$^e	6.16𝐸+14	sej/year
14	Maintenance	1.36𝐸+03	$/year	3.38𝐸+12	sej/$^e	4.61𝐸+15	sej/year
Total emergy yield (Y)						4.45𝐸+17	sej/year
Output (O)
15	Irrigation water	2.59𝐸+12	J/year	1.72𝐸+05	sej/J^f	4.45𝐸+17	sej/year

aData sources and calculations are given in Appendix A ( see Appendix A in Supplementary Material which is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/438317) revised on [20].
For the methods of energy transformation, refer to [25].
bAssumed the same as that of the Yangtze river [24].
cTransformities from [25].
dTransformities from [52].
eThe emergy/dollar ratio of Chinese economy 2002 is from [24].
fCalculated in this study.