Emergy Evaluation of a Production and Utilization Process of Irrigation Water in China
Table 3
Emergy evaluation of irrigated agriculture systema.
Number
Item
Raw data
Solar transformityb
Solar emergy
Renewable resources (R)
sej/year
1
Sunlight
J/year
sej/J
sej/year
2
Wind, kinetic energy
J/year
sej/J
sej/year
3
Rain, geopotential
J/year
sej/J
sej/year
4
Rain, chemical
J/year
sej/J
sej/year
5
Irrigation water
J/year
sej/Jc
sej/year
Nonrenewable resources (N)
sej/year
6
Net top soil loss
J/year
sej/J
sej/year
Materials (M)
sej/year
7
Nitrogenous fertilizer
g/year
sej/g
sej/year
8
Phosphate fertilizer
g/year
sej/g
sej/year
9
Compound fertilizer
g/year
sej/gd
sej/year
10
Pesticide
g/year
sej/g
sej/year
11
Hybrid seeds
g/year
sej/g
sej/year
Services (S)
sej/year
12
Leasing operating costs
$/year
sej/$e
sej/year
13
Basic charges for regional water engineering
$/year
sej/$e
sej/year
14
Pumping water services
$/year
sej/$e
sej/year
Total emergy yield (Y)
sej/year
Output (O)
15
Rice
J/year
sej/Jf
sej/year
Data sources and calculations are given in Appendix . For the methods of energy transformation, refer to [25]. Transformities from [25, 27]. Calculated in Table 2 in this study. Transformity from [28]. The emergy/dollar ratio of Chinese economy 2002 is from [24]. Calculated in this study.