Research Article
Calcium Oxide Derived from Waste Shells of Mussel, Cockle, and Scallop as the Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
Table 3
The fuel properties of biodiesel.
| | Fuel property | Derived catalyst | | Mussel shell | Cockle shell | Scallop shell |
| | Kinematic viscosity (mm2/s) at 40°C | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.5 | | Density (g/cm3) at 80°C | 0.877 | 0.878 | 0.878 | | Flash point (°C) | 164 | 165 | 164 | | Cloud point (°C) | 11 | 12 | 11 | | Pour point (°C) | 7 | 8 | 8 | | Acid value (mg KOH/g oil) | 0.47 | 0.67 | 0.55 | | Water content (%) | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
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