Stakeholders’ Attitude to Genetically Modified Foods and Medicine

Table 2

Measurement scales, reliability, and validity.

Factor and items	Corrected item-total correlation	𝛼	Standardized factor loading	Composite reliability	Average variance extracted (AVE)
Familiarity
Easy to know	0.595	0.772	0.706	0.775	0.536
Easy judgement	0.653		0.812
Effect known	0.571		0.671
Perceived benefit
Benefit to Malaysian society	0.718	0.868	0.784	0.871	0.578
Enhance product quality	0.746		0.839
Enhance quality of life	0.772		0.864
Enhance Malaysian economy	0.668		0.691
Benefits exceed risks	0.563		0.588
Perceived risk
Feeling of anxiety	0.767	0.880	0.855	0.882	0.603
Harm to health	0.814		0.903
Long-term effect	0.709		0.744
Catastrophic potential	0.695		0.717
Overall risk magnitude	0.695		0.633
Risk acceptance
Accept if it can boost Malaysian economy	0.681	0.797	0.780	0.797	0.568
Social acceptance	0.625		0.695
Comparison with other risk	0.624		0.782
Moral concerns
Threaten natural order of things	0.568	0.810	0.633	0.818	0.603
“Play god”	0.717		0.844
Commodity of life	0.705		0.834
Encouragement
More rigorous R&D	0.668	0.883	0.715	0.884	0.658
Should be commercialized	0.764		0.840
Should be given monetary support by government	0.801		0.853
Overall encouragement	0.748		0.828