Stakeholders’ Attitude to Genetically Modified Foods and Medicine

Table 4

Weighted average and post hoc test results for familiarity of GM foods and GM insulin.

Stakeholder	Weighted average ± std dev.*
	GM soybean	GM palm oil	GM insulin
(1) Producers (𝑛=36)	3.27±1.28	3.40±1.41	3.37±1.38
(2) Biotechnologists (𝑛=30)	2.98±1.20	3.27±1.23	3.17±1.16^12
(3) Biologists (𝑛=43)	3.01±1.42	3.15±1.42^12	3.22±1.53^12
(4) Policy makers (𝑛=40)	2.96±1.32	2.95±1.22^12	3.02±1.62^12
(5) NGOs (𝑛=41)	3.38±1.09	3.51±1.17	3.39±1.14^12
(6) Media (𝑛=38)	3.14±1.28	3.21±1.33	2.97±1.25^12
(7) Politicians (𝑛=38)	3.10±1.41	3.52±1.36	3.09±1.40^12
(8) Islamic scholars (𝑛=47)	2.67±0.83	2.85±1.46^12	2.68±1.38^12
(9) Buddhist scholars (𝑛=28)	2.60±0.87	2.96±0.83^12	2.92±0.92^12
(10) Christian scholars (𝑛=26)	2.11±1.44^12	2.57±0.97^12	2.74±1.10^12
(11) Hindu scholars (𝑛=26)	2.86±1.26	3.08±1.25	2.99±1.65^12
(12) Biology students (𝑛=46)	3.88±1.26^10	4.45±1.25^3,4,8,9,10	4.47±1.56^2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13
(13) General public (𝑛=578)	3.23±1.29	3.53±1.37	3.28±1.37^12
Overall (𝑛=1017)	3.14±1.30	3.43±1.36	3.25±1.40

∗Post hoc test results showing significant differences at least at 𝑃<0.05 between the indicated group and the stakeholders numbered in superscript. Scheffe’s test was carried out for GM soybean and GM palm oil while Games-Howell test was carried out for GM insulin.
∗Code of stakeholders: ¹producers, ²biotechnologists, ³biologists, ⁴policy makers, ⁵NGOs, ⁶Media, ⁷politicians, ⁸Islamic scholars, ⁹Buddhist scholars, ¹⁰Christian scholars, ¹¹Hindu scholars, ¹²biology students, and ¹³general public.