Comparative Studies on Cellular Behaviour of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus Linn. cv. Grenadin) Grown In Vivo and In Vitro for Early Detection of Somaclonal Variation
Table 1
Callus induction and rhizogenesis from root explants of Dianthus caryophyllus cultured on an MS medium supplemented with various hormones after 6 months of culture.
MS media + hormone (mg L−1)
Rhizogenesis
Callus formation (%)
Colour of callus
Observations
NAA
BAP
%
Mode
0.0
0.0
NR
NR
NR
N/A
Necrotic
0.5
0.0
57.50f
Indirect
20.00a
White
Friable callus Roots formed after 8 days
1.0
0.0
100.00g
Indirect
100.00m
White
Friable callus Roots formed after 7 days
1.5
0.0
100.00g
Indirect
90.00l
White
Friable callus Roots formed after 7 days
2.0
0.0
100.00g
Indirect
100.00m
White
Friable callus Roots formed after 7 days
0.0
0.5
NR
N/A
NR
N/A
Necrotic after 6 weeks
1.0
NR
N/A
NR
N/A
Necrotic after 6 weeks
1.5
NR
N/A
NR
N/A
Necrotic after 6 weeks
2.0
NR
N/A
NR
N/A
Necrotic after 6 weeks
0.5
0.5
5.00a
Indirect
35.00d
White
Friable callus with roots
1.0
NR
N/A
43.00e
White
Friable callus with roots
1.5
NR
N/A
NR
N/A
Necrotic after 7 weeks
2.0
NR
N/A
25.00b
White
Friable callus with roots
1.0
0.5
10.00b
Indirect
55.00g
White
Friable callus with roots
1.0
NR
N/A
82.00j
White
Friable callus with roots
1.5
NR
N/A
20.00a
White
Friable callus with roots
2.0
NR
N/A
NR
N/A
Necrotic after 5 weeks
1.5
0.5
NR
N/A
100.00m
White and green
Friable callus
1.0
NR
N/A
75.00h
White and green
Friable callus
1.5
NR
N/A
80.00i
White and green
Friable callus
2.0
45.00e
Indirect
30.00c
White
Friable callus with roots
2.0
0.5
NR
N/A
75.00h
White and green
Friable callus
1.0
30.00d
Indirect
85.00k
White
Friable callus with roots
1.5
NR
N/A
50.00f
Green
Compact callus
2.0
NR
N/A
30.00c
White and green
Friable callus
3.0
1.0
10.00b
Direct
NR
N/A
Necrotic after 6 weeks
3.0
25.00c
Direct
30.00c
N/A
Friable callus with roots
Means with different letters in the same column differ significantly at P < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test. (NR: no response, N/A: not available).