A Fragile Zero Watermarking Scheme to Detect and Characterize Malicious Modifications in Database Relations

Table 14

Characterization of malicious insertion attacks on range of data values.

Range	𝑟𝑘	𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑘	𝑓𝑟𝑘	𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑘^′	𝑓𝑟𝑘^′	Δ𝑓𝑟𝑘	Δℱ𝑟𝑘	Characteristic
0	0–99	25.59	1436986	23.60	1436986	0	0	No change
1	100–999	48.73	2736731	52.72	3210988	+474257	+17.33%	↑ Low to High
2	1000–9999	25.68	1442223	23.68	1442223	0	0	No change