A Fragile Zero Watermarking Scheme to Detect and Characterize Malicious Modifications in Database Relations

Table 16

Characterization of malicious update attacks on range of data values.

Range	𝑟𝑘	𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑘	𝑓𝑟𝑘	𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑘^′	𝑓𝑟𝑘^′	Δ𝑓𝑟𝑘	Δℱ𝑟𝑘	Characteristic
0	0–99	25.59	1436986	30.07	1688965	251979	+17.54%	↑Low to High
1	100–999	48.73	2736731	40.42	2269854	−466877	−17.06%	↓High to Low
2	1000–9999	25.68	1442223	29.51	1657121	214898	+14.91%	↑Low to High