Clinical Study
Comparison of Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms between Turkish and European-American Adults
Table 3
Soft tissue cephalometric values of different ethnic groups using Legan and Burstone analysis.
| Variable | Chinese | Japanese | North Indians | Saudis | Yemeni | Caucasians |
| Facial convexity angle (°) | 10.5 ± 3.5 | 10.1 ± 5.7 | 13.34 ± 4.8 | 15.16 ± 4.64 | 16.9 ± 5.2 | 12 ± 4 | Maxillary prognathism (mm) | 2.5 ± 3 | 2.3 ± 4.6 | 5.83 ± 4.3 | 6.47 ± 4.27 | 6.9 ± 4.1 | 6 ± 3 | Mandibular prognathism (mm) | N.A. | −5.7 ± 8.3 | −1.31 ± 6.4 | −1.37 ± 7.19 | −4.9 ± 6.7 | 0 ± 4 | Vertical height ratio | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.03 ± 0.1 | 1.00 ± 0.09 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1 | Lower face-throat angle (°) | 96 ± 4 | 98.1 ± 9.5 | 111.57 ± 8.1 | 102.60 ± 8.24 | 107.6 ± 7.9 | 100 ± 7 | Lower vertical height-depth ratio | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.22 ± 0.2 | 1.14 ± 0.20 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1,2 | Nasolabialangle (°) | 95 ± 3 | 102.3 ± 11.6 | 95.79 ± 11.4 | 106.02 ± 11.01 | 106.4 ± 9.7 | 102 ± 8 | Upper lip protrusion (mm) | 7.0 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 2.1 | 4.72 ± 1.7 | 3.84 ± 1.56 | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 3 ± 1 | Lower lip protrusion (mm) | N.A. | 5.0 ± 2.5 | 2.83 ± 1.6 | 3.26 ± 2.07 | 2.2 ± 2.2 | 2 ± 1 | Mentolabial sulcus (mm) | 3.5 ± 2 | 4.3 ± 1.4 | 5.82 ± 1.2 | 4.60 ± 1.23 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 4 ± 2 | Vertical lip-chin ratio | 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.44 | 0.44 ± 0.05 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0,5 | Maxillary incisor exposure (mm) | 1.5 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 2.35 ± 1.5 | 3.26 ± 1.96 | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 2 ± 2 | Interlabial gap (mm) | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 0.24 ± 0.7 | 2.24 ± 0.93 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 2 ± 2 |
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N.A.: not available.
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