Research on Hysteresis of Piezoceramic Actuator Based on the Duhem Model

Table 1

Identification parameters of two algorithms.

Identification parameters	Recursive least squares algorithm	Gradient correction algorithm
𝑓1	−0.015	−0.0149
𝑓2	0.006	0.0061
𝑓3	5.57𝑒−6	5.5649𝑒−6
𝑓4	−8.6𝑒−8	−8.6096𝑒−8
𝛼	0.0874	0.0870
𝑔1	0.053	0.051
𝑔2	−0.83𝑒−4	−0.83166𝑒−4
𝑔3	8.1𝑒−6	8.196𝑒−6