Optimal Control for a Parallel Hybrid Hydraulic Excavator Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 1

Components’ parameters of a PHHE.

Components’ parameters	Specific information
Engine
Type	ZN485Q, turbocharged diesel ICE
Rating power	25 kW at 2200 r/min
Maximum torque	124.8 N·m at 1860 r/min
Motor
Type	Custom-built PMSM
Rating power	15.7 kW
Maximum torque	150 N·m
Rating voltage	250 V
Voltage range	216~360 V
Speed range	0~4000 r/min
Battery
Type	NIMH, QNFG 8
Each cell’s voltage	1.2 V
Number of cells	200
Energy capacity	8 Ah
Maximum discharge power	19.2 kW
Hydraulic pumps
Type	2 variable pumps and 1; gear pump
Maximum flow	(2∗44+32) L/min
Working pressure	21 MPa