Optimal Control for a Parallel Hybrid Hydraulic Excavator Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 3

Parameters in PSO.

PSO parameters	Value
𝑤(𝑘)	0.9~0.4, with a reduction of 1/120; for each 𝑘
𝑐1	1.4
𝑐2	1.4
𝑑	2, throttle angle: 0.5~1; engine; torque: 0~124.8 N·m
𝑖	20
𝑘	80