Assessing the Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments at Langkawi Island, Malaysia

Table 5

PAH concentrations (ng g⁻¹ d.w.) in sediments from various marine sites in the world.

Locations	N ^a	Concentrations	Reference
Langat Estuary-Malaysia	17	322–2480	[46]
East coast of Malaysia	17	260–590	[59]
Singapore Island	15	15220–82410	[31]
Egypt-Mediterranean sea	39	13.5–22,600	[16]
Naples harbour, southern Italy	16	9–31774	[32]
Gulf of Fos area, France, Mediterranean sea	13	34–2700	[60]
Tokyo Bay, Japan	26	1372–1615	[33]
Italian marine protected areas (MPA)	16	0.71–1550	[61]
Jakarta Bay, Indonesia	26	257–1511	[33]
Jiulong River Estuary and; Western Xiamen Sea, China	16	59–1177	[34]
Marine sediments in Thailand	15	6–228	[35]
Estero de Urias Estuary, Mexico	12	27–418	[36]
Italy, Mediterranean sea	16	40–679	[62]
Gulf of Aden, Yemen	46	2.2–604	[37]
Southwest Taiwan	28	15–907	[38]
Hong Kong (fish farms)	16	123–947	[26]
Langkawi Island, Malaysia	18	868–1637	Present study

aNumber of PAHs.