Emergy Analysis and Sustainability Efficiency Analysis of Different Crop-Based Biodiesel in Life Cycle Perspective

Table 5

Emergy analysis table for sunflower-based biodiesel.

Stage	Type	Item	Data	Reference	Transformity (sej/unit)	Reference	Solar emergy (sej)
Plantation and reap	R	Sunlight (J)	0.60𝐸+13	Calculated	1.00𝐸+00	[5]	0.60𝐸+13
		Rain geopotential (J)	0.70𝐸+09	Calculated	4.70𝐸+04	[5]	3.29𝐸+13
		Rain chemical potential (J)	0.70𝐸+10	Calculated	3.05𝐸+04	[5]	2.14𝐸+14
		Wind (J)	1.18𝐸+10	Calculated	1.50𝐸+03	[6]	1.77𝐸+13
	N	Topsoil loss	1.95𝐸+09	Calculated	7.40𝐸+04	[5]	1.44𝐸+14
	F	Water (kg)	1.30𝐸+06	Statistics	4.65𝐸+08	[6]	0.61𝐸+15
		Nitrogen (kg)	83.89	Statistics	2.40𝐸+13	[5]	2.02𝐸+15
		Biocide trifluralin (kg)	1.20	Statistics	1.48𝐸+13	[5]	1.78𝐸+13
		Diesel (kg)	326.3	Estimated	3.04𝐸+12	[5]	9.93𝐸+14
		Human labor (h)	200	Estimated	1.1𝐸+12	[5]	2.20𝐸+14
		Sunflower seed ($)	120.30	Statistics	1.18𝐸+13	[8]	1.43𝐸+15
Sunflower oil production	F	Crude oil (J)	0.71𝐸+10	Statistics	5.4𝐸+04	[10]	3.83𝐸+14
		Electricity (J)	9.17𝐸+08	Statistics	3.36𝐸+05	[8]	3.08𝐸+14
Biodiesel production	F	MeOH (kg)	217.76	Statistics	1.76𝐸+12	[8]	3.84𝐸+14
		NaOH (kg)	8.03	Statistics	6.38𝐸+12	[8]	5.13𝐸+13
		H2O (kg)	1018.34	Statistics	4.65𝐸+08	[6]	4.74𝐸+11
		H3PO4 (kg)	6.23	Statistics	2.65𝐸+12	[9]	1.80𝐸+13
		Electricity (J)	215.72𝐸+06	Statistics	3.36𝐸+05	[8]	7.25𝐸+13
		Human labor (h)	800	Estimated	1.1𝐸+12	[5]	8.8𝐸+14