Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Brain Bioenergetics, Sleep, and Cognitive Performance in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals

Table 3

Profile of Mood States (POMS), Post-Sleep Inventory (PSI), Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) assessments of sleepiness and mood in control (control) versus cocaine-dependent (COC) participants data are displayed as mean (Standard Deviation).

	Sig.	Baseline		Sig.	Sleep deprived		Sig.	Recovery		Sig.
		Control	COC		Control	COC		Control	COC
POMS
Depression PM	‡	3.4 (1.6)	11.6 (4.9)		2.6 (1.4)	3.3 (1.7)		2.5 (1.6)	7.0 (3.5)
Depression AM		3.4 (1.6)	3.3 (1.3)		3.3 (1.7)	5.0 (2.6)		2.5 (1.8)	4.1 (1.5)
Vigor PM	‡	16.9 (2.2)	12.0 (2.2)		14.5 (2.2)	10.3 (2.3)		10.1 (2.5)	5.0 (1.5)	*
Vigor AM		10.5 (2.3)	7.0 (2.0)		7.9 (2.1)	7.1 (1.7)		9.5 (2.3)	4.9 (2.5)
Fatigue PM		3.4 (0.8)	2.5 (1.2)		3.7 (1.0)	4.0 (1.3)		9.4 (1.7)	13.3 (1.8)	*
Fatigue AM		4.1 (0.8)	3.5 (0.8)		9.1 (1.8)	9.0 (1.3)	*	5.8 (1.2)	4.9 (1.2)
Tension PM	‡	5.3 (1.1)	7.0 (2.4)		5.5 (1.0)	5.9 (1.7)		5.5 (1.2)	8.8 (1.5)
Tension AM	‡	4.3 (1.0)	4.3 (0.7)		4.7 (1.2)	6.5 (2.0)		4.2 (1.2)	4.3 (0.6)
PSI
Restless		6.2 (0.8)	8.1 (1.1)		—	—		8.4 (1.0)	5.3 (1.3)	§
Depth		7.0 (0.8)	7.7 (0.7)		—	—		9.4 (1.0)	4.1 (0.5)
Mood PM	‡	9.5 (0.7)	5.3 (0.9)		—	—		9.6 (0.7)	4.6 (0.6)
Mood AM		8.1 (0.7)	5.0 (0.9)		—	—		8.2 (0.8)	5.9 (1.2)
Rested		6.8 (0.8)	5.7 (1.0)		—	—		5.6 (0.8)	7.6 (1.3)
Difficulty waking		8.5 (0.9)	3.7 (0.6)		—	—		6.1 (0.8)	3.8 (0.5)
Physical ailments	‡	8.9 (0.7)	5.3 (0.7)		—	—		8.4 (0.7)	6.0 (0.9)
Frequency of waking		6.9 (0.6)	5.9 (1.3)		—	—		9.6 (0.9)	5.6 (1.4)
SSS
Evening		3.7 (0.4)	4.0 (0.8)		2.6 (0.3)	2.9 (0.7)		5.2 (0.5)	6.0 (0.5)	*
Morning		3.8 (0.4)	4.1 (0.5)		4.5 (0.5)	5.1 (0.4)		3.9 (0.4)	4.0 (0.7)
VAS
Evening		49.4 (6.7)	25.3 (7.8)		57.9 (7.3)	58.9 (7.5)	*	20.4 (4.4)	14.0 (8.6)	*
Morning		50.4 (5.9)	41.1 (8.4)		29.0 (6.7)	23.9 (5.4)	*	41.9 (6.5)	33.6 (6.3)

Significance (Sig.): *sleep night 𝑃<0.05; ^‡group 𝑃<0.05; §sleep night*group interaction 𝑃<0.05.