Optimized Hyper Beamforming of Linear Antenna Arrays Using Collective Animal Behaviour

Table 3

SLL, FNBW, optimal current excitation weights, and optimal inter-element spacing for hyper beam pattern of linear array with hyper beam exponent (𝑢=0.5), obtained by RGA, PSO, DE, and CAB for different sets of arrays.

𝑁	Algorithms	Optimized current excitation weights and [𝐼1,𝐼2,𝐼3,𝐼4,…,𝐼𝑁]	Optimal inter-element spacing in (𝜆)	SLL of hyper beam with optimization (dB)	FNBW of hyper beam with optimization (deg)
	RGA	0.2844 0.5240 0.8813 0.9032 0.4231; 0.8425 0.4564 0.6402 0.3414 0.3853	0.5441	−100.6	41.04
10	PSO	0.2398 0.6414 0.9123 0.9722 0.4312; 0.9502 0.4327 0.6582 0.3571 0.3982	0.5717	−117.2	39.60
	DE	0.1029 0.3802 0.6258 0.9394 0.7907; 1.0000 0.5211 0.5538 0.2118 0.2156	0.8470	−151.9	34.56
	CAB	0.2359 0.3120 0.4490 0.4396 0.9983; 0.7164 0.9233 0.7213 0.3960 0.0846	0.8594	−182.8	32.4
	RGA	0.3631 0.2555 0.4905 0.0043 0.6114; 0.5778 0.8634 0.5042 0.5782 0.5913; 0.7502 0.5545 0.2878 0.3431	0.5878	−96.21	25.92
14	PSO	0.2319 0.1857 0.6027 0.5089 0.7906; 0.4163 0.6275 0.7212 0.9097 0.2907; 0.2525 0.2755 0.5506 0.3615	0.6036	−113	25.20
	DE	0.2297 0.3701 0.3080 0.2229 0.6599; 0.9495 0.6941 0.8597 0.4157 0.7559; 0.7305 0.2389 0.3759 0.0982	0.7949	−125.8	23.04
	CAB	0.0510 0.2113 0.3799 0.8250 0.9015; 0.8437 0.9090 0.9410 0.8698 0.5521; 0.3112 0.4662 0.3493 0.1664	0.9245	−166	20.16
	RGA	0.2505 0.3933 0.4881 0.4829 0.3027; 0.6697 0.3436 0.9551 0.5974 0.8952; 0.5252 0.9773 0.4056 0.6612 1.0000; 0.1577 0.8144 0.3284  0  0.5558	0.5361	−83.69	19.44
20	PSO	0.1675 0.2453 0.2113 0.5168 0.6011; 0.5661 0.7962 0.2148 0.8279 0.2476; 0.9888 0.3429 0.8064 0.1836 0.2281; 0.1792 0.4317 0.6579 0.2244 0.3467	0.5353	−88.71	18.72
	DE	0.1567 0.1345 0.5561 0.4817 0.9529; 0.7651 0.9420 0.7511 0.6736 0.5927; 0.9889 0.8862 0.4313 0.4025 0.2891; 0.3316 0.4286 0.4649 0.4306 0.3195	0.5852	−101.9	18
	CAB	0.1411 0.4085 0.4124 0.4649 0.4193; 0.4515 0.5774 0.7569 0.9998 0.9478; 0.9593 0.8373 0.9730 0.9216 0.8734; 0.6891 0.4313 0.2586 0.0089 0.0987	0.8283	−142.1	15.84