Optimized Hyper Beamforming of Linear Antenna Arrays Using Collective Animal Behaviour

Table 4

SLL, FNBW, optimal current excitation weights, and optimal inter-element spacing for hyper beam pattern of linear array with hyper beam exponent (𝑢=1), obtained by RGA, PSO, DE, and CAB for different sets of arrays.

𝑁	Algorithms	Optimized current excitation weights and [𝐼1,𝐼2,𝐼3,𝐼4,…,𝐼𝑁]	Optimal inter-element spacing In (𝜆)	SLL of hyper beam with optimization (dB)	FNBW of hyper beam with optimization (deg)
	RGA	0.1339 0.1010 0.4353 0.3657 0.6166; 0.5295 0.6264 0.4194 0.3935 0.2296	0.6503	−46.76	36.72
10	PSO	0.3889 0.4254 0.2096 0.7456 0.7961; 0.4382 0.3525 0.5002 0.1764 0.1603	0.6436	−58.88	35.28
	DE	0.2057 0.4820 0.9658 0.9686 1.0000; 0.9881 0.5582  0   0  0.0086	0.9974	−64.57	34.56
	CAB	0.1692 0.3915 0.4476 0.6693 0.9456; 0.9860 0.9550 0.6883 0.2226 0.0156	0.9358	−96.96	33.12
	RGA	0   0.4146 0.6005 0.7859 0.7903; 0.7755 0.4159 0.9358 0.2159 0.3125; 0.4533  0  0.6501 0.1934	0.5824	−46.76	25.20
14	PSO	0.1011 0.2588 0.3020 0.5343 0.6365; 0.6937 0.5245 0.8198 0.3813 0.4761; 0.3815 0.4803 0.1301 0.3374	0.6698	−51.4	24.48
	DE	0.1822 0.4092 0.3052 0.3611 0.5660; 0.8365 0.6771 0.7047 0.4664 0.6376; 0.5091 0.3593 0.0822 0.1951	0.7436	−61.71	23.76
	CAB	0.2313 0.2924 0.4580 0.3613 0.9441; 0.9963 0.9818 0.9922 0.8262 0.6192; 0.8685 0.3357 0.1659 0.1938	0.9253	−82.6	22.32
	RGA	0.2739 0.0772 0.4652 0.3369 0.4341; 0.6162 0.5613 0.8008 0.4211 0.7082; 0.6840 0.8283 0.3579 0.4822 0.3872; 0.7091 0.3145 0.3415 0.1838 0.4675	0.5587	−42.85	18.72
20	PSO	0.5918 0.0903 0.4110 0.0131 0.6447; 0.1519 0.7800  0  0.8548 0.8593; 0.6530 0.7593 0.9763 0.9991 0.7571; 0.8972 0.5175 0.7424 0.2818 0.2433	0.5961	−52.97	18
	DE	0.0938 0.1489 0.2668 0.5640 0.6043; 0.8496 0.8847 0.7082 0.6143 0.7392; 0.8163 0.8767 0.7024 0.3612 0.2068; 0.3691 0.3646 0.5144 0.3815 0.1665	0.6638	−61.19	17.28
	CAB	0   0.0048 0.1938 0.4010 0.6162; 0.7142 0.9277 0.9825 0.8613 0.8899; 0.9679 0.9160 0.6405 0.5015 0.5205; 0.3977 0.3407 0.3297 0.3303 0.1310	0.9297	−80.55	16.56