Comparison of Risks Factors for Unplanned ICU Transfer after ED Admission in Patients with Infections and Those without Infections
Table 3
Risk of deterioration in patients with infections and those without infections.
Candidate variables
With infections
Without infections
ICU transfer
Non-transfer
OR (95% CI)
ICU transfer
Non-transfer
OR (95% CI)
Demographics and comorbidities
≥65 years old
87 (64.4)
94 (43.7)
2.3 (1.5–3.6)
<0.001
88 (49.4)
223 (42.8)
1.3 (0.9–1.8)
0.14
Diabetes
63 (46.7)
70 (32.6)
1.8 (1.2–2.8)
0.009
66 (37.1)
128 (24.6)
1.8 (1.3–2.6)
0.002
Coronary artery disease
22 (16.3)
18 (8.4)
2.1 (1.1–4.1)
0.03
43 (24.2)
84 (16.1)
1.7 (1.1–2.5)
0.02
Cerebrovascular disease
39 (28.9)
39 (18.1)
1.8 (1.1–3.0)
0.03
36 (20.2)
75 (14.4)
1.5 (1.0–2.3)
0.08
Cerebral performance category of 3 or 4
49 (36.3)
35 (16.3)
2.9 (1.8–4.9)
<0.001
28 (15.7)
28 (5.4)
3.3 (1.9–5.7)
<0.001
Histories of organ failure
Respiratory failure
10 (7.4)
10 (4.7)
1.6 (0.7–4.1)
0.35
14 (7.9)
6 (1.2)
7.3 (2.8–19.4)
<0.001
Congestive heart failure
20 (14.8)
11 (5.1)
3.2 (1.5–7.0)
0.003
38 (21.3)
58 (11.1)
2.2 (1.4–3.4)
0.001
Severe liver disease
12 (8.9)
7 (3.3)
2.9 (1.1–7.6)
0.03
29 (16.3)
22 (4.2)
4.4 (2.5–7.9)
<0.001
End-stage renal disease
11 (8.1)
6 (2.8)
3.1 (1.1–8.6)
0.04
13 (7.3)
16 (3.1)
2.5 (1.2–5.3)
0.03
Malignancy, advanced
26 (19.3)
8 (3.7)
6.2 (2.7–14.1)
<0.001
18 (10.1)
44 (8.4)
1.2 (0.7–2.2)
0.54
Immunocompromised
8 (5.9)
3 (1.4)
4.5 (1.2–17.1)
0.03
5 (2.8)
7 (1.3)
2.1 (0.7–6.8)
0.19
Physiological responses
HR ≥ 130/min
24 (17.8)
18 (8.4)
2.4 (1.2–4.6)
0.01
53 (29.8)
110 (21.1)
1.6 (1.1–2.3)
0.03
Abnormal white blood cellb
77 (57.0)
93 (43.3)
1.7 (1.1–2.7)
0.02
24 (13.5)
20 (3.8)
3.9 (2.1–7.3)
<0.001
SIRSc
100 (74.1)
104 (48.4)
3.0 (1.9–4.9)
<0.001
88 (49.4)
103 (19.8)
4.0 (2.8–5.7)
<0.001
Organ dysfunctions
Hypotension
32 (23.7)
10 (4.7)
6.4 (3.0–13.4)
<0.001
20 (11.2)
16 (3.1)
4.0 (2.0–7.9)
<0.001
Pulmonary dysfunction
35 (25.9)
18 (8.4)
3.8 (2.1–7.1)
<0.001
25 (14.0)
19 (3.6)
4.3 (2.3–8.0)
<0.001
Renal dysfunction
32 (23.7)
5 (2.3)
13.0 (4.9–34.4)
<0.001
29 (16.3)
41 (7.9)
2.3 (1.4–3.8)
0.002
Liver dysfunction
7 (5.2)
2 (0.9)
5.8 (1.2–28.4)
0.02
6 (3.4)
7 (1.3)
2.6 (0.8–7.7)
0.11
Hematological dysfunction
21 (15.6)
7 (3.3)
5.5 (2.3–13.3)
<0.001
26 (14.6)
23 (4.4)
3.7 (2.1–6.7)
<0.001
Metabolic dysfunction
12 (8.9)
3 (1.4)
6.9 (1.9–24.9)
0.002
13 (7.3)
5 (1.0)
8.1 (2.9–23.1)
<0.001
Symptoms/signs from METd criteria
Respiratory compromise
35 (25.9)
16 (7.4)
4.4 (2.3–8.2)
<0.001
26 (14.6)
19 (3.6)
4.5 (2.4–8.4)
<0.001
Altered mental status
5 (3.7)
1 (0.5)
8.2 (1.0–71.2)
0.03
19 (10.7)
2 (0.4)
31 (7.1–134.6)
<0.001
Seizure
1 (0.7)
0 (0)
NAe
0.39
10 (5.6)
10 (1.9)
3.0 (1.2–7.4)
0.02
Chest pain (new onset)
0 (0)
0 (0)
NAe
NAe
10 (5.6)
7 (1.3)
4.4 (1.6–11.7)
0.003
Data are expressed as (%) unless otherwise noted. Fisher’s exact test. White blood cell count of >12,000/µL or <4000/µL or bands >5%. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Medical emergency team. Not applicable.
