Comparison of Risks Factors for Unplanned ICU Transfer after ED Admission in Patients with Infections and Those without Infections

Table 5

Summary of variables predictive of deterioration/mortality in the literature and present study.

Risk predictor/outcome variable	Kennedy et al.^a	Shapiro et al.^b	Kellett and Deane^c	With infections^d	Without infections^d
	ICU transfer	Mortality	Mortality	ICU transfer	ICU transfer
Demographics and comorbidities				(𝑃)	(𝑃)
≥65 years old		●	●	<0.001	NS^e
Diabetes			●	0.009	0.002
Coronary artery disease				0.026	0.018
Cerebrovascular disease				0.025	NS^e
Peripheral vascular disease	●
Cerebral performance category of 3 or  4/nursing home resident		●	●	<0.001	<0.001
Histories of organ failure
Respiratory failure	●			NS^e	<0.001
Congestive heart failure	●			0.003	0.001
Severe liver disease				0.029	<0.001
End-stage renal disease				0.038	0.027
Malignancy, advanced		●		<0.001	NS^e
Immunocompromised				0.026	NS^e
Insult (lower respiratory tract infection)		●
Physiological response
Tachycardia	●		●	0.011	0.024
Abnormal white blood cell		●		0.016	<0.001
Abnormal body temperature			●
SIRS^f				<0.001	<0.001
Organ dysfunctions
Hypotension	●	●	●	<0.001	<0.001
Pulmonary dysfunction/hypoxia		●	●	<0.001	<0.001
Renal dysfunction	●			<0.001	0.002
Liver dysfunction				0.019	NS^e
Hematological dysfunction		●		<0.001	<0.001
Metabolic dysfunction				0.002	<0.001
Symptoms/signs from MET criteria
Respiratory compromise			●	<0.001	<0.001
Altered mental status		●	●	0.034	<0.001
Seizure				NS^e	0.017
New-onset chest pain			●	NA^g	0.003

Data are expressed as 𝑛 (%) unless otherwise noted.
aInfection patients [5].
bInfection patients [6].
cUndifferentiated patients [34].
dThe present study.
eNon-significant.
fSystemic inflammatory response syndrome.
gNot applicable.