An Incus-Body Driving Type Piezoelectric Middle Ear Implant Design and Evaluation in 3D Computational Model and Temporal Bone

Table 1

Material properties of the ear components.

Structure	Young’s modulus (N/m^2)	Density (kg m^−3)
Eardrum
Pars flaccida	3.20×10^7	1.20×10^3
Pars tensa	1.00×10^7	1.20×10^3
Ossicles
Malleus
Head	1.41×10^10	2.55×10^3
Neck	1.41×10^10	4.53×10^3
Handle	1.41×10^10	3.70×10^3
Incus
Body	1.41×10^10	2.36×10^3
Short process	1.41×10^10	2.26×10^3
Long process	1.41×10^10	5.08×10^3
Stapes	1.41×10^10	2.20×10^3
Joint
Incudomalleolar joint	1.41×10^10	2.39×10^3
Incudostapedial joint	4.00×10^6	1.20×10^3