Research Article
A Synchronous-Asynchronous Particle Swarm Optimisation Algorithm
| | Function type | Function name | Equation |
| | Unimodal | Quadric |
where | | Quartic |
where | | Rosenbrock |
where | | Spherical/De Jong’s |
where | | Hyperellipsoid |
where |
| | Multimodal | Ackley |
where | | Griewank |
where | | Rastrigin |
where | | Salomon |
where |
| | Real world problem | FM sound wave |
where and |
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