Two-Stage Conversion of High Free Fatty Acid Jatropha curcas Oil to Biodiesel Using Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid and KOH as Catalysts

Table 1

Fatty acid composition and important properties of JCO.

Sl. number	Properties	JCO
	Fatty acid composition (wt%)
1	Palmitic (16:0)	16.34
	Palmitoleic (16:1)	0.65
	Stearic (18:0)	8.17
	Oleic (18:1)	47.30
	Linoleic (18:2)	27.53
	Total saturated	24.51
	Total unsaturated	75.48
2	FFA (wt%)	8.156
3	Acid value (mgKOH/gm)	16.232
4	Saponification value (mgKOH/gm)	210.0
5	Average molecular weight (g/mol)	871